ἀκμήν

even now

Definition

ἀκμήν is an emphatic particle meaning 'even now' or 'still.' It intensifies the temporal aspect of a statement, emphasizing that something remains true or continues at the present moment. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Matthew 15:16, it underscores the disciples' ongoing lack of understanding, as Jesus asks, 'Are you also still without understanding?' The word conveys a sense of persistence or continuation, often with a tone of surprise or rebuke, highlighting that a condition or state has not yet changed despite expectations or prior instruction.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 15:16, where Jesus uses it in a question to his disciples after they fail to grasp his teaching about defilement. It is employed in a context of teaching and correction, emphasizing the disciples' continued lack of comprehension. As a particle, it modifies the verb to stress the ongoing nature of their misunderstanding, serving as a rhetorical device to prompt reflection and realization.

Etymology

Derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and the root related to κμήν (kmēn), which is connected to the idea of 'time' or 'a point in time.' It likely evolved from a phrase meaning 'up to this point' or 'until now,' emphasizing continuity into the present. Cognates in classical Greek show similar temporal emphasis, and its formation highlights persistence, akin to saying 'still' in a way that underscores an unaltered state.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, ἀκμήν enriches the narrative of discipleship in Matthew's Gospel by highlighting the human struggle to understand divine truths. It underscores themes of spiritual growth and patience, as Jesus addresses his followers' ongoing need for enlightenment. This word reminds readers that faith involves a process of learning, and even those closest to Jesus required repeated instruction, encouraging modern believers to persevere in seeking wisdom.

In ancient Greek, particles like ἀκμήν were common in rhetorical and conversational speech to add emphasis or emotion. Its use in Matthew 15:16 reflects a typical teaching style where a teacher might express frustration or urgency to drive a point home. Culturally, it would have been understood as a pointed, direct address, signaling that the disciples' lack of understanding was notable and needed immediate attention, differing from modern softer expressions.

ἔτι (eti, G2089) — also means 'still' or 'yet,' but is more common and less emphatic, often indicating simple continuation without the surprise or rebuke implied by ἀκμήν.

Word Details

Scripture References