Bible Timeline
321 events
Journey through 4,000 years of biblical history – from Creation to the Early Church. Tap any event to explore.
1
Creation
15 eventsDate uncertain
Creation of the World
God creates the heavens, the earth, and all living things in six days, resting on the seventh. Light, sky, land, vegetation, celestial bodies, sea creatures, animals, and humanity are brought into being by divine command.
Date uncertain
The First Sabbath
After completing creation in six days, God rests on the seventh day, blessing and sanctifying it. This establishes the pattern of work and rest for all of creation.
Date uncertain
Creation of Adam and Eve
God forms Adam from the dust of the ground and breathes life into him. Eve is created from Adam's rib as a suitable companion. They are placed in the Garden of Eden to tend it.
Date uncertain
The Fall of Humanity
The serpent deceives Eve, and both she and Adam eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, disobeying God's command. Sin, death, and separation from God enter the world.
Date uncertain
Cain Murders Abel
Cain, jealous that God accepted Abel's offering but rejected his own, murders his brother Abel. God confronts Cain and marks him, sending him east of Eden as a wanderer.
Date uncertain
Lamech's Song of the Sword
Lamech, a descendant of Cain, boasts to his wives about killing a man who injured him, claiming seventy-sevenfold vengeance. His descendants become pioneers in music, metalwork, and tent-making.
Date uncertain
The Line of Seth
After Abel's murder, Eve bears Seth, whose descendants form the godly line through which the promise of redemption is carried forward, in contrast to Cain's increasingly wicked line.
Date uncertain
Enoch Walks with God
Enoch, a descendant of Seth, lives a life of close fellowship with God. After 365 years, God takes him directly to heaven without experiencing death.
Date uncertain
The Wickedness of Humanity Before the Flood
Humanity's corruption reaches its peak as every inclination of the human heart is only evil continually. The 'sons of God' intermarry with the 'daughters of men,' and violence fills the earth.
Date uncertain
The Great Flood
God, grieved by humanity's wickedness, sends a catastrophic flood to destroy all life on earth. Noah, found righteous, is commanded to build an ark to preserve his family and pairs of every animal.
Date uncertain
God's Covenant with Noah
After the flood, God establishes a covenant with Noah and all living creatures, promising never again to destroy the earth with a flood. The rainbow is set as the sign of this covenant.
Date uncertain
God's Command to Fill the Earth
After the Flood, God blesses Noah and his sons, commanding them to be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth. He gives them authority over animals and permits eating meat for the first time, with the restriction against consuming blood.
Date uncertain
The Curse of Canaan
After the Flood, Noah plants a vineyard and becomes drunk. His son Ham sees his nakedness and tells his brothers. Noah curses Ham's son Canaan to be a servant, while blessing Shem and Japheth.
Date uncertain
The Tabernacle of the Table of Nations
The descendants of Noah's three sons — Shem, Ham, and Japheth — spread across the earth after the Flood, forming the nations listed in the Table of Nations. Seventy nations are catalogued, representing all peoples of the known world.
Date uncertain
The Tower of Babel
Humanity, united by one language, builds a city and tower reaching toward heaven in defiance of God's command to fill the earth. God confuses their language and scatters them across the world.
2
Patriarchs
29 events2091 BC
The Call of Abram
God calls Abram to leave Ur of the Chaldees and go to a land He will show him. God promises to make Abram a great nation, bless him, and bless all the families of the earth through him.
2082 BC
Abram and Lot Separate
Conflict between the herdsmen of Abram and Lot forces them to part ways. Lot chooses the well-watered Jordan plain near Sodom, while Abram remains in Canaan. God reaffirms His promise to Abram.
2082 BC
Melchizedek Blesses Abram
After Abram's victory, Melchizedek — king of Salem and priest of God Most High — brings out bread and wine and blesses Abram. Abram gives him a tithe of everything.
2082 BC
Abram Rescues Lot from the Four Kings
When an alliance of four Mesopotamian kings captures Sodom and takes Lot prisoner, Abram leads 318 trained men in a daring night raid, defeats the kings, and rescues Lot and all the captives.
2081 BC
God's Covenant with Abram
God formally establishes a covenant with Abram, promising him descendants as numerous as the stars and the land of Canaan as an inheritance. Abram believes God, and it is credited to him as righteousness.
2080 BC
Hagar and the Angel in the Wilderness
Pregnant Hagar flees from Sarah's harsh treatment. The Angel of the LORD finds her by a spring in the wilderness, tells her to return, and promises her son Ishmael will father a great nation.
2080 BC
Birth of Ishmael
Sarai, unable to conceive, gives her Egyptian servant Hagar to Abram. Hagar bears Ishmael when Abram is 86 years old. Conflict arises between Sarai and Hagar.
2067 BC
Abraham Intercedes for Sodom
When God reveals His intention to judge Sodom, Abraham negotiates with God, bargaining from fifty righteous people down to ten. God agrees to spare the city for the sake of ten, but even ten cannot be found.
2067 BC
Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
God destroys the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire and brimstone due to their extreme wickedness. Lot and his daughters are rescued by angels, but Lot's wife looks back and becomes a pillar of salt.
2067 BC
Covenant of Circumcision
God changes Abram's name to Abraham and Sarai's to Sarah, establishing circumcision as the sign of the covenant. God promises a son through Sarah within a year.
2066 BC
Birth of Isaac
Sarah conceives and bears Isaac to Abraham when he is 100 years old and she is 90, fulfilling God's promise. Isaac's name means 'he laughs,' reflecting Sarah's initial reaction of disbelief.
2054 BC
The Binding of Isaac
God commands Abraham to sacrifice Isaac on Mount Moriah. Abraham obeys in faith, but God provides a ram as a substitute at the last moment, sparing Isaac's life.
2029 BC
Death of Sarah
Sarah dies at age 127 in Hebron. Abraham purchases the cave of Machpelah from the Hittites as a burial site, the first piece of the Promised Land owned by the patriarchs.
2026 BC
Isaac Marries Rebekah
Abraham sends his servant to Mesopotamia to find a wife for Isaac from his kinsmen. The servant, guided by God, finds Rebekah at a well and brings her back to Canaan to marry Isaac.
2006 BC
Birth of Jacob and Esau
Rebekah gives birth to twins after 20 years of barrenness. Esau is born first, red and hairy; Jacob follows, grasping Esau's heel. God tells Rebekah the older will serve the younger.
1945 BC
Esau Sells His Birthright
Esau, returning famished from the field, sells his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of red lentil stew. Esau despises his birthright, trading eternal covenant blessing for momentary satisfaction.
1930 BC
Jacob Deceives Isaac for the Blessing
At Rebekah's instigation, Jacob disguises himself as Esau and deceives his blind father Isaac into giving him the firstborn's blessing. Esau vows to kill Jacob, forcing Jacob to flee.
1929 BC
Jacob's Dream at Bethel
Fleeing to Haran, Jacob sleeps at Bethel and dreams of a ladder reaching to heaven with angels ascending and descending. God appears and reaffirms the Abrahamic covenant to Jacob.
1922 BC
Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel
Jacob serves his uncle Laban seven years for Rachel but is deceived into marrying Leah first. He serves another seven years for Rachel. Through Leah, Rachel, and their servants, twelve sons are born.
1921 BC– 1909 BC
Birth of the Twelve Tribes
Jacob's twelve sons are born to four women — Leah bears Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; Rachel bears Joseph and Benjamin; Bilhah bears Dan and Naphtali; Zilpah bears Gad and Asher.
1910 BC
Dinah and the Destruction of Shechem
Shechem the prince violates Dinah, Jacob's daughter. Her brothers Simeon and Levi trick the Shechemites into circumcision, then massacre the city while the men are recovering. Jacob rebukes them.
1909 BC
Jacob's Return to Canaan and Reconciliation with Esau
After 20 years with Laban, Jacob returns to Canaan with his large family and flocks. Despite his fears, Esau runs to embrace him. The brothers reconcile peacefully.
1909 BC
Jacob Wrestles with God
Returning to Canaan, Jacob wrestles all night with a mysterious figure at the Jabbok River. He refuses to let go until he is blessed. His name is changed to Israel ('he who strives with God').
1898 BC
Joseph Sold into Slavery
Jacob's favorite son Joseph, hated by his brothers for his dreams and favored status, is sold to Midianite traders who take him to Egypt. His brothers deceive Jacob with Joseph's bloodied coat.
1885 BC
Joseph Rises to Power in Egypt
After years of slavery and imprisonment, Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams predicting seven years of abundance followed by seven years of famine. Pharaoh appoints Joseph as second-in-command over all Egypt.
1876 BC
Jacob's Family Moves to Egypt
During severe famine, Jacob's sons travel to Egypt for grain and are reunited with Joseph. Joseph invites the entire family — 70 persons — to settle in the land of Goshen in Egypt.
1876 BC
Joseph Reveals Himself to His Brothers
After testing his brothers' character through a series of trials, Joseph weeps and reveals his identity, declaring that what they meant for evil, God meant for good to save many lives.
1859 BC
Jacob Blesses His Twelve Sons
On his deathbed in Egypt, Jacob gathers his twelve sons and prophesies over each one, assigning blessings and judgments. Judah receives the promise that the scepter will not depart from his line.
1805 BC
Death of Joseph
Joseph dies at age 110 in Egypt, having made his brothers swear to carry his bones back to the Promised Land when God delivers them. His body is embalmed and placed in a coffin in Egypt.
3
Exodus & Conquest
26 events1580 BC– 1446 BC
Israelite Slavery in Egypt
A new Pharaoh who did not know Joseph rises to power and enslaves the Israelites, fearing their growing population. The Egyptians impose harsh labor and order the killing of Hebrew male infants.
1526 BC
Birth and Rescue of Moses
Moses is born to Levite parents during Pharaoh's decree to kill Hebrew boys. His mother hides him in a basket on the Nile, where Pharaoh's daughter discovers and adopts him, raising him in the royal court.
1486 BC
Moses Flees to Midian
After killing an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew slave, Moses flees to Midian where he lives as a shepherd for 40 years, marries Zipporah, and tends the flock of his father-in-law Jethro.
1446 BC
The Burning Bush
God appears to Moses in a bush that burns but is not consumed on Mount Horeb. He reveals His name as 'I AM WHO I AM' and commissions Moses to deliver Israel from Egypt.
1446 BC
The Ten Plagues of Egypt
God sends ten devastating plagues upon Egypt — water to blood, frogs, gnats, flies, livestock disease, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and death of the firstborn — each demonstrating His power over Egyptian gods.
1446 BC
The First Passover
God instructs each Israelite household to sacrifice a lamb and apply its blood to their doorposts. The angel of death passes over homes marked with blood, striking down every Egyptian firstborn.
1446 BC
The Exodus from Egypt
After the death of the firstborn, Pharaoh finally releases the Israelites. Approximately 600,000 men plus women and children leave Egypt, ending 430 years of sojourn.
1446 BC
Crossing of the Red Sea
Pharaoh pursues the Israelites with his army. God parts the Red Sea, allowing Israel to cross on dry ground. When the Egyptians follow, the waters return and drown the entire army.
1446 BC– 1406 BC
God Provides Manna and Quail
In the wilderness, God provides manna from heaven each morning and quail for meat to sustain the Israelites. Manna continues daily for 40 years until Israel enters Canaan.
1446 BC
Water from the Rock at Horeb
At Rephidim the people quarrel with Moses over lack of water. God instructs Moses to strike a rock at Horeb, and water flows out abundantly for the people and livestock.
1446 BC
Giving of the Law at Mount Sinai
God descends on Mount Sinai in fire, smoke, and thunder, and gives Moses the Ten Commandments and the Mosaic Law. The people tremble at God's presence and ask Moses to mediate.
1446 BC
The Golden Calf
While Moses is on Sinai for 40 days, the people pressure Aaron to make a golden calf idol. They worship it with pagan revelry. Moses descends, shatters the tablets, and about 3,000 idolaters die.
1445 BC
Construction of the Tabernacle
Following God's detailed instructions, the Israelites construct the Tabernacle — a portable sanctuary with the Ark of the Covenant, altar of incense, lampstand, and courtyard. God's glory fills it upon completion.
1445 BC
The Twelve Spies Sent to Canaan
Moses sends twelve spies into Canaan. Ten return with a fearful report of giants and fortified cities. Only Joshua and Caleb urge the people to trust God. Israel refuses to enter the land.
1445 BC– 1406 BC
Forty Years of Wilderness Wandering
As judgment for their unbelief, the entire exodus generation (except Joshua and Caleb) is condemned to die in the wilderness over 40 years before their children can enter the Promised Land.
1425 BC
Korah's Rebellion
Korah, Dathan, and Abiram lead a revolt of 250 leaders against Moses and Aaron's authority. The earth opens and swallows the rebels, and fire from God consumes the 250 offering incense.
1425 BC
Aaron's Rod Buds
After Korah's rebellion, God settles the question of priestly authority by having each tribal leader place a staff in the Tabernacle. Aaron's rod miraculously sprouts buds, blossoms, and almonds overnight.
1407 BC
The Bronze Serpent
When poisonous snakes bite the Israelites as punishment for complaining, God instructs Moses to make a bronze serpent and place it on a pole. Anyone bitten who looks at it is healed.
1407 BC
Israel's Victory Over the Amorites
Israel defeats the Amorite kings Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan east of the Jordan. These victories give Israel confidence and territory in Transjordan before crossing into Canaan.
1407 BC
Moses Strikes the Rock at Meribah
At Kadesh, the people again quarrel over water. God tells Moses to speak to the rock, but Moses strikes it twice in anger. Water flows, but God tells Moses he will not enter the Promised Land for his disobedience.
1406 BC
The Cities of Refuge Established
God commands Israel to designate six cities of refuge — three on each side of the Jordan — where a person who accidentally kills someone can flee for protection from the avenger of blood until trial.
1406 BC
The Blessings and Curses at Ebal and Gerizim
Moses commands that when Israel enters Canaan, six tribes stand on Mount Gerizim to pronounce blessings and six on Mount Ebal for curses. Joshua later fulfills this at Shechem.
1406 BC
The Shema Given
Moses declares the Shema — 'Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one' — commanding Israel to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength, and to teach these words diligently to their children.
1406 BC
Moses' Farewell Addresses
On the plains of Moab, Moses delivers three farewell addresses recounting Israel's history, restating the Law, and renewing the covenant. He sets before the people life and death, blessing and curse.
1406 BC
Death of Moses
Moses views the Promised Land from Mount Nebo but is not permitted to enter because of his disobedience at Meribah. He dies at age 120 and God buries him in an unknown location in Moab.
1407 BC
Balaam Blesses Israel
King Balak of Moab hires the prophet Balaam to curse Israel. Despite repeated attempts, God compels Balaam to bless Israel instead, and Balaam delivers four oracles including a prophecy of a 'star out of Jacob.'
4
Judges
26 events1406 BC– 1399 BC
Conquest of Canaan
Joshua leads military campaigns to conquer Canaan in three phases: central, southern, and northern. The land is divided among the twelve tribes by lot as their inheritance.
1406 BC
Fall of Jericho
The Israelites march around Jericho once daily for six days and seven times on the seventh day. At the blast of trumpets and the people's shout, the walls collapse. Rahab and her family are spared.
1406 BC
Crossing the Jordan River
Under Joshua's leadership, the Israelites cross the Jordan River on dry ground as the priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant step into the water and it parts. Twelve memorial stones are set up.
1405 BC
The Gibeonite Deception
The inhabitants of Gibeon disguise themselves as distant travelers and trick Joshua into making a peace treaty. When the deception is discovered, Israel honors the oath but makes the Gibeonites servants.
1405 BC
The Sun Stands Still at Gibeon
During battle against the five Amorite kings attacking Gibeon, Joshua commands the sun to stand still over Gibeon and the moon over the Valley of Aijalon. The day is extended until Israel achieves victory.
1400 BC
Othniel Conquers Debir
Caleb offers his daughter Achsah to whoever captures the city of Debir. His nephew Othniel takes the city and receives Achsah as wife, along with springs of water she requests as a dowry.
1380 BC
Joshua's Covenant Renewal at Shechem
Near the end of his life, Joshua gathers all Israel at Shechem and challenges them to choose whom they will serve. The people affirm their commitment to the LORD, and Joshua erects a memorial stone.
1380 BC
Death of Joshua
Joshua dies at age 110 after challenging Israel to choose whom they will serve. He leads the people in renewing the covenant at Shechem, declaring 'as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.'
1375 BC– 1050 BC
Cycle of the Judges Begins
After Joshua's death, Israel enters a recurring cycle of sin, foreign oppression, crying out to God, and deliverance through Spirit-empowered judges. The pattern repeats for over 300 years.
1374 BC– 1334 BC
Othniel — First Judge of Israel
After Israel falls into idolatry and is oppressed by Cushan-Rishathaim of Mesopotamia for eight years, God raises Othniel — Caleb's nephew — as the first judge. The Spirit empowers him and he delivers Israel.
1316 BC
Ehud Assassinates King Eglon
Left-handed Ehud from Benjamin conceals a double-edged dagger and gains a private audience with the obese Moabite king Eglon. He assassinates Eglon and leads Israel to victory over Moab.
1250 BC
Shamgar Strikes Down 600 Philistines
Judge Shamgar, son of Anath, delivers Israel by killing 600 Philistines with an ox goad — a simple farming tool. His brief mention highlights God's use of ordinary instruments.
1209 BC
Deborah and Barak Defeat Sisera
The prophetess Deborah judges Israel and commissions Barak to lead 10,000 men against the Canaanite general Sisera. God sends a storm that bogs down Sisera's 900 iron chariots, and Israel triumphs. Jael kills Sisera.
1162 BC
Gideon Defeats the Midianites
God calls the reluctant Gideon to deliver Israel from Midianite oppression. God reduces Gideon's army from 32,000 to just 300 men, who rout the Midianite camp using trumpets, torches, and jars.
1150 BC
The Migration of the Tribe of Dan
Unable to conquer their allotted territory, 600 Danites migrate north, conquer the city of Laish, rename it Dan, and set up an idolatrous shrine with a graven image and a rogue Levite priest.
1150 BC– 1147 BC
Abimelech's Reign of Terror
Gideon's son Abimelech murders 70 of his brothers and makes himself king over Shechem. After three years of tyranny, a woman drops a millstone on his head during a siege, ending his brutal reign.
1149 BC– 1103 BC
Tola and Jair Judge Israel
After Abimelech's death, Tola of Issachar judges Israel for 23 years, followed by Jair of Gilead for 22 years. Both provide stability during relatively peaceful periods.
1105 BC
Birth and Call of Samuel
Hannah, barren and distressed, prays for a son and vows to dedicate him to the Lord. Samuel is born and raised in the tabernacle at Shiloh under Eli. God calls Samuel as a boy, and he becomes prophet and judge.
1100 BC
The Levite's Concubine and the War Against Benjamin
A horrific crime in Gibeah of Benjamin sparks civil war. The other eleven tribes nearly annihilate Benjamin, reducing them to 600 men. The tribe is later restored through a controversial plan.
1100 BC
Story of Ruth
During the judges period, the Moabite widow Ruth follows her mother-in-law Naomi back to Bethlehem. Ruth's faithfulness leads to marriage with Boaz, a kinsman-redeemer, and she becomes the great-grandmother of David.
1100 BC
Jephthah Delivers Israel
Jephthah, a Gileadite outcast, is called back to lead Israel against the Ammonites. He defeats them but makes a rash vow to God that tragically affects his own daughter.
1090 BC– 1069 BC
Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon Judge Israel
Three minor judges serve consecutively: Ibzan of Bethlehem judges seven years, Elon of Zebulun ten years, and Abdon of Ephraim eight years, each providing localized leadership.
1075 BC
Capture and Return of the Ark
The Philistines defeat Israel and capture the Ark of the Covenant. Plagues strike the Philistine cities wherever the Ark is placed. After seven months, the Philistines return the Ark on a cart drawn by cows.
1075 BC
The Battle of Aphek and Death of Eli
Israel is defeated by the Philistines at Aphek. Eli's corrupt sons Hophni and Phinehas are killed in battle, and the Ark of the Covenant is captured. Upon hearing the news, the 98-year-old Eli falls backward and dies.
1075 BC– 1055 BC
Samson's Life and Death
Samson, a Nazirite from birth with supernatural strength, judges Israel for 20 years. His entanglement with Delilah leads to betrayal, capture, and blinding by the Philistines. He dies destroying the Philistine temple.
1055 BC
Samuel Judges Israel at Mizpah
Samuel calls all Israel to repentance at Mizpah. As the Philistines attack, Samuel offers a sacrifice and cries to the LORD. God thunders against the Philistines and Israel pursues them in victory.
5
United Kingdom
27 events1050 BC
Israel Demands a King
The elders of Israel ask Samuel to appoint a king so they can be like other nations. God tells Samuel that the people have rejected Him as their king. Samuel warns of the costs of monarchy but God directs him to comply.
1050 BC
Saul Anointed as First King
Samuel privately anoints Saul, a tall Benjaminite, as Israel's first king. Saul is later publicly confirmed at Mizpah by lot. He begins well, defeating the Ammonites at Jabesh-Gilead.
1042 BC
Jonathan's Victory at Michmash
Saul's son Jonathan and his armor-bearer secretly climb a cliff and attack a Philistine garrison at Michmash. God sends confusion into the Philistine camp, and Israel wins a great victory.
1028 BC
Saul's Rejection by God
Saul disobeys God by offering an unauthorized sacrifice and later by sparing the Amalekite king Agag and the best livestock against God's explicit command. Samuel tells Saul the kingdom will be torn from him.
1025 BC
David Anointed by Samuel
God sends Samuel to Bethlehem to anoint one of Jesse's sons as the next king. Passing over the older brothers, God chooses the youngest — David, a shepherd boy — and the Spirit of the LORD comes upon him.
1024 BC
David Defeats Goliath
The Philistine champion Goliath, over nine feet tall, challenges Israel to single combat for 40 days. Young David, armed only with a sling and five stones, defeats Goliath in the name of the LORD.
1023 BC
David and Jonathan's Covenant Friendship
Jonathan, Saul's heir, forms a deep covenant friendship with David, even knowing David will become king. Jonathan protects David from Saul's murderous jealousy and they pledge eternal loyalty.
1015 BC
David Spares Saul's Life
While fleeing from Saul, David has two opportunities to kill him — once in a cave at En Gedi and once in Saul's camp at night. Both times David refuses to harm 'the LORD's anointed.'
1010 BC– 1000 BC
David's Mighty Men
During David's years as a fugitive and later as king, a group of elite warriors known as the Mighty Men rally to him. Their legendary exploits include breaking through Philistine lines to fetch water from Bethlehem's well.
1010 BC
Death of Saul and Jonathan
Saul and his sons, including Jonathan, die fighting the Philistines at Mount Gilboa. Wounded by archers, Saul falls on his own sword. David mourns with a famous lament for both Saul and Jonathan.
1003 BC
David Becomes King of All Israel
After Saul's death and seven years ruling Judah from Hebron, David is anointed king over all twelve tribes of Israel at age 37. He conquers Jerusalem from the Jebusites and makes it his capital.
1000 BC
The Ark Brought to Jerusalem
David brings the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem with great celebration, dancing before the LORD. He places it in a tent and establishes worship with Levitical musicians and singers.
1000 BC– 970 BC
David's Psalms and Worship Legacy
David composes many of the 150 Psalms, covering the full range of human experience — praise, lament, thanksgiving, repentance, and messianic prophecy. He organizes Levitical musicians for Temple worship.
1000 BC
The Davidic Covenant
When David desires to build God a permanent temple, God instead promises David an everlasting dynasty — his throne will be established forever. God will raise up David's offspring and establish his kingdom.
995 BC
David's Sin with Bathsheba
David commits adultery with Bathsheba and arranges the death of her husband Uriah the Hittite. The prophet Nathan confronts David with a parable. David repents, but the child conceived in sin dies.
979 BC
Absalom's Rebellion
David's son Absalom leads a revolt, forcing David to flee Jerusalem. After Absalom takes the capital, his forces pursue David but are defeated in the forest of Ephraim. Absalom dies caught in a tree.
975 BC
David's Census and the Plague
David orders a census of Israel's fighting men against Joab's advice. God sends a plague killing 70,000. David buys the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite and builds an altar to stop the plague.
970 BC
Solomon Becomes King
David appoints his son Solomon as successor. Solomon asks God for wisdom to govern, and God grants him unparalleled wisdom along with riches and honor. Solomon's reign marks Israel's golden age.
970 BC
Death of David
David dies at age 70 after reigning 40 years — seven in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem. He is buried in the City of David, leaving behind a united kingdom and preparations for the Temple.
970 BC
David's Final Instructions to Solomon
On his deathbed, David charges Solomon to walk in God's ways and keep His commands. He also provides detailed plans for the Temple, materials gathered over decades, and instructions for Temple service.
968 BC
Solomon's Wisdom Tested — The Two Mothers
Two women claim the same baby. Solomon proposes cutting the child in half. The real mother pleads to give the child to the other woman rather than see him killed, revealing her identity.
966 BC– 959 BC
Solomon Builds the Temple
Solomon constructs the First Temple in Jerusalem over seven years, fulfilling David's desire. Overlaid with gold and adorned with carved cherubim, it is dedicated with prayer, sacrifice, and the glory of God filling the house.
959 BC
Solomon's Dedication Prayer for the Temple
At the Temple dedication, Solomon prays a lengthy prayer asking God to hear the prayers of His people in every circumstance — sin, defeat, drought, famine, and the prayers of foreigners who come to worship.
950 BC
Solomon's Proverbs and Writings
Solomon speaks 3,000 proverbs and composes 1,005 songs. His wisdom encompasses botany, zoology, politics, and human relationships. The biblical books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon are attributed to him.
950 BC
Visit of the Queen of Sheba
The Queen of Sheba travels to Jerusalem to test Solomon's wisdom with hard questions. She is overwhelmed by his wisdom, wealth, and the magnificence of his court, declaring the reports she heard were understatements.
940 BC
Solomon's Apostasy
In his later years, Solomon's 700 wives and 300 concubines from foreign nations turn his heart to worship their gods. He builds high places for Chemosh and Molech. God tells Solomon the kingdom will be divided.
930 BC
Death of Solomon
Solomon dies after a 40-year reign. Despite his unparalleled wisdom, his later years were marred by idolatry and oppressive taxation. His death precipitates the immediate division of the kingdom.
6
Divided Kingdom
45 events930 BC
Jeroboam's Golden Calves
Jeroboam, fearing the northern tribes will return allegiance to Jerusalem, sets up two golden calves at Dan and Bethel. He creates a rival priesthood and festivals, leading Israel into systematic idolatry.
930 BC
The Kingdom Divides
After Solomon's death, his son Rehoboam refuses to lighten the people's tax burden. Ten northern tribes revolt under Jeroboam and form the kingdom of Israel. Judah and Benjamin remain under Rehoboam.
928 BC
Rehoboam Fortifies Judah
After losing the northern tribes, Rehoboam fortifies fifteen cities in Judah and Benjamin. Priests and Levites from the north migrate to Judah, strengthening the southern kingdom spiritually.
925 BC
Shishak of Egypt Invades Judah
Pharaoh Shishak (Sheshonq I) invades Judah with 1,200 chariots and 60,000 horsemen, plundering the Temple and royal palace. Rehoboam and the leaders humble themselves, and God limits the destruction.
911 BC
Asa's Reforms in Judah
King Asa of Judah removes foreign altars and high places, commands Judah to seek the LORD, and even deposes his grandmother Maacah for her idolatry. He enjoys years of peace and prosperity.
880 BC
King Omri Builds Samaria
King Omri of Israel purchases the hill of Samaria and builds a new capital city. He establishes a powerful dynasty and makes Israel a significant regional power, though he continues in idolatry.
874 BC– 853 BC
Ahab and Jezebel Rule Israel
King Ahab of Israel marries the Phoenician princess Jezebel, who promotes Baal worship throughout the northern kingdom. She persecutes the prophets of the LORD and engineers the murder of Naboth for his vineyard.
870 BC– 848 BC
Jehoshaphat's Reign and Alliance with Ahab
King Jehoshaphat of Judah strengthens the nation spiritually by sending Levites to teach the Law. However, he makes a dangerous alliance with Ahab through marriage, joining him in a battle at Ramoth-Gilead where Ahab is killed.
864 BC
Elijah Fed by Ravens at Cherith
During the drought Elijah declared, God sends him to the brook Cherith where ravens bring him bread and meat each morning and evening. When the brook dries, God sends him to a widow in Zarephath.
864 BC
Elijah and the Widow of Zarephath
During the drought, God sends Elijah to a Gentile widow in Zarephath. Her jar of flour and jug of oil miraculously never run out. When her son dies, Elijah raises him back to life.
863 BC
Elijah and the Prophets of Baal
During King Ahab's reign, the prophet Elijah challenges 450 prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel. After Baal's prophets fail to call fire, God sends fire from heaven that consumes Elijah's sacrifice, altar, and water.
862 BC
Elijah at Mount Horeb
After his victory on Carmel, Elijah flees from Jezebel's threats to Mount Horeb (Sinai). God appears not in wind, earthquake, or fire but in a still small voice, recommissioning Elijah and assuring him 7,000 have not bowed to Baal.
858 BC
Naboth's Vineyard
King Ahab covets Naboth's vineyard. When Naboth refuses to sell his ancestral inheritance, Queen Jezebel arranges false accusations and has Naboth stoned to death. Elijah pronounces judgment on Ahab's house.
853 BC
Death of Ahab at Ramoth-Gilead
Despite the prophet Micaiah's warning of defeat, Ahab joins Jehoshaphat to attack Ramoth-Gilead. Ahab disguises himself, but a random arrow strikes him between the joints of his armor. He dies at sunset.
848 BC– 797 BC
Ministry of Elisha
Elisha succeeds Elijah and performs twice as many miracles: purifying water, multiplying oil, raising the Shunammite's son, healing Naaman's leprosy, and making an axe head float, among others.
848 BC
Elijah Taken to Heaven
At the end of his ministry, Elijah is taken up to heaven in a whirlwind accompanied by a chariot and horses of fire. His prophetic mantle literally and figuratively passes to his disciple Elisha.
845 BC
Naaman Healed of Leprosy
Naaman, commander of the Syrian army, is told by an Israelite slave girl that the prophet Elisha can heal his leprosy. After initial reluctance, Naaman dips seven times in the Jordan River and is completely healed.
841 BC
Jehu's Revolution
Elisha anoints Jehu king over Israel with a mandate to destroy the house of Ahab. Jehu kills King Joram, Queen Jezebel, Ahab's seventy sons, and all the prophets of Baal, purging Baal worship from Israel.
841 BC– 835 BC
Queen Athaliah Seizes the Throne of Judah
After her son Ahaziah dies, Queen Athaliah — daughter of Ahab and Jezebel — massacres the royal family and seizes Judah's throne. The infant Joash is secretly hidden in the Temple for six years.
840 BC
Elisha and the Siege of Samaria
Ben-Hadad of Syria besieges Samaria, causing severe famine. Elisha prophesies that food will be abundant by the next day. Four lepers discover the Syrians have fled in panic, and the prophecy is fulfilled.
835 BC
Joash Repairs the Temple
The boy king Joash of Judah, guided by the priest Jehoiada, orders the repair of Solomon's Temple. He establishes a collection system at the Temple entrance to fund the restoration.
793 BC– 753 BC
Jeroboam II's Prosperous Reign
Jeroboam II restores Israel's borders to their greatest extent since Solomon, bringing unprecedented prosperity. Yet the prophets Amos and Hosea condemn the social injustice and spiritual corruption beneath the surface.
760 BC
Jonah's Mission to Nineveh
God commands the prophet Jonah to preach repentance to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Jonah flees by ship, is swallowed by a great fish for three days, then obeys. Nineveh repents and God relents from judgment.
760 BC
Ministry of Amos
Amos, a shepherd from Tekoa in Judah, is called to prophesy against the northern kingdom of Israel. He denounces social injustice, exploitation of the poor, and empty religious observance.
755 BC– 715 BC
Ministry of Hosea
God commands Hosea to marry an unfaithful woman named Gomer as a living parable of God's relationship with idolatrous Israel. Despite her repeated unfaithfulness, Hosea redeems her — just as God will redeem Israel.
750 BC
Uzziah Struck with Leprosy
King Uzziah of Judah, after a long and prosperous reign, enters the Temple to burn incense — a privilege reserved for priests. God strikes him with leprosy, and he lives in isolation until his death.
740 BC– 681 BC
Ministry of Isaiah
Isaiah prophesies during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. His visions include the throne room of God, the virgin birth, the Suffering Servant, and the coming messianic kingdom.
735 BC
The Syro-Ephraimite War
Syria and the northern kingdom of Israel ally against Judah to force King Ahaz into their anti-Assyrian coalition. Isaiah assures Ahaz of deliverance and gives the sign of Immanuel — a virgin will conceive.
735 BC
Micah Prophesies the Bethlehem Messiah
The prophet Micah, a contemporary of Isaiah, prophesies that the ruler of Israel will come from Bethlehem Ephrathah, though it is small among the clans of Judah.
722 BC
Fall of the Northern Kingdom (Israel)
The Assyrian Empire under Shalmaneser V and Sargon II conquers the northern kingdom of Israel, destroys Samaria, and deports the ten tribes. Foreign peoples are settled in the land, creating the Samaritans.
715 BC
Hezekiah's Reforms
King Hezekiah of Judah institutes sweeping religious reforms, destroying idols, high places, and even the bronze serpent Moses had made. He reopens and purifies the Temple and restores Passover observance.
701 BC
Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem
Sennacherib of Assyria invades Judah and besieges Jerusalem. Hezekiah prays and Isaiah prophesies deliverance. The angel of the LORD strikes down 185,000 Assyrian soldiers in one night.
697 BC– 642 BC
Manasseh's Reign and Repentance
King Manasseh of Judah commits the worst idolatry in Judah's history — rebuilding high places, worshipping Baal, practicing sorcery, and sacrificing his son. Captured by Assyria, he repents and is restored.
630 BC
Ministry of Zephaniah
The prophet Zephaniah, a descendant of King Hezekiah, prophesies during King Josiah's reign. He warns of the coming Day of the LORD — judgment on Judah and all nations — but promises a faithful remnant will be restored.
627 BC– 586 BC
Ministry of Jeremiah
Jeremiah is called as a prophet while still young, and his ministry spans 40 years leading up to and through the fall of Jerusalem. He is known as the 'weeping prophet' for his anguish over Judah's impending destruction.
622 BC
Josiah's Reforms and Discovery of the Law
During Temple repairs, the high priest Hilkiah discovers the Book of the Law. King Josiah reads it, tears his robes in grief, and initiates Judah's most thorough reform — destroying all idolatrous shrines and renewing the covenant.
612 BC
Fall of Nineveh
The Assyrian capital Nineveh falls to a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians. The mighty Assyrian Empire that terrorized the ancient world for centuries collapses, never to rise again.
610 BC
Habakkuk Questions God's Justice
The prophet Habakkuk wrestles with how a just God can use the wicked Babylonians to punish Judah. God answers that the righteous shall live by faith, and that Babylon too will be judged in God's time.
609 BC
Death of Josiah at Megiddo
King Josiah intercepts Pharaoh Necho's army at Megiddo as it marches to aid Assyria against Babylon. Despite Necho's warning, Josiah engages in battle and is mortally wounded by archers.
605 BC
Jehoiakim Burns Jeremiah's Scroll
Jeremiah dictates God's words to his scribe Baruch, who reads the scroll publicly. When the scroll reaches King Jehoiakim, he contemptuously cuts it apart and burns it in the fire, column by column.
605 BC
Battle of Carchemish
Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon defeats Pharaoh Necho of Egypt at Carchemish, establishing Babylonian supremacy over the ancient Near East. Judah passes from Egyptian to Babylonian vassalage.
605 BC
First Deportation to Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar takes the first group of Jewish captives to Babylon, including young nobles Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego).
597 BC
Second Deportation to Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem after King Jehoiachin's rebellion. He deports the king, 10,000 captives including the prophet Ezekiel, and strips the Temple of its treasures.
589 BC– 586 BC
Zedekiah's Rebellion and the Final Siege
Judah's last king Zedekiah rebels against Babylon despite Jeremiah's warnings. Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem for 18 months. Zedekiah tries to flee but is captured, watches his sons killed, and is blinded.
586 BC
Gedaliah Assassinated — Remnant Flees to Egypt
After Jerusalem's fall, Nebuchadnezzar appoints Gedaliah as governor over the remaining Jews. Ishmael assassinates Gedaliah, and the fearful remnant flees to Egypt against Jeremiah's counsel, taking the prophet with them.
7
Exile
17 events594 BC
Jeremiah's Letter to the Exiles
Jeremiah sends a letter from Jerusalem to the exiles in Babylon, instructing them to build houses, plant gardens, marry, and seek the welfare of the city where God has sent them. The exile will last 70 years.
593 BC
Ezekiel's Call and Commission
Ezekiel, a priest among the exiles by the Kebar River in Babylon, receives his prophetic call through a stunning vision of God's glory — living creatures, spinning wheels, and a throne of sapphire above the firmament.
592 BC
Ezekiel Acts Out the Siege of Jerusalem
God commands Ezekiel to perform dramatic symbolic acts: building a model siege against a brick representing Jerusalem, lying on his side for 390 days, eating rationed food cooked over dung, and shaving his head.
592 BC
Ezekiel's Vision of God's Glory Departing the Temple
In a series of visions, Ezekiel sees the abominations being committed in the Temple in Jerusalem. God's glory — the Shekinah — rises from the cherubim, moves to the threshold, then departs eastward from the city.
587 BC
Jeremiah's Prophecy of the New Covenant
In the darkest hour before Jerusalem's fall, Jeremiah prophesies a new covenant unlike the one made at Sinai. God will write His law on their hearts, forgive their sins, and they will all know Him personally.
586 BC– 538 BC
Psalms of Lament in Exile
The exiles compose psalms of lament and longing for Jerusalem. 'By the waters of Babylon, there we sat down and wept, when we remembered Zion.' They hang their harps on willows, unable to sing the LORD's song in a foreign land.
586 BC
Babylonian Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple
After King Zedekiah's revolt, Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem, burns Solomon's Temple, tears down the city walls, and deports most of the remaining population to Babylon. Judah ceases to exist as a nation.
580 BC
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the Fiery Furnace
Three Jewish exiles refuse to worship Nebuchadnezzar's golden image and are thrown into a furnace heated seven times hotter than normal. A fourth figure appears with them, and they emerge unharmed.
580 BC– 538 BC
The Jewish Community in Babylon Thrives
Despite exile, the Jewish community in Babylon develops new forms of worship without the Temple — synagogue gatherings, Scripture study, and prayer. Many Jews prosper as merchants and officials.
573 BC
Ezekiel's Vision of the Future Temple
Ezekiel receives a detailed vision of a restored and glorified Temple with precise measurements, a river of life flowing from it, and God's glory returning from the east to fill the sanctuary.
571 BC
Ezekiel's Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones
God shows Ezekiel a valley filled with dry bones and asks if they can live. At God's command, Ezekiel prophesies and the bones reassemble, receive sinew and flesh, and breath enters them — a great army lives.
570 BC
Daniel Interprets Nebuchadnezzar's Dream of the Great Tree
Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great tree cut down by divine decree. Daniel interprets it as a warning: the king will be driven from humanity to live like an animal for seven years until he acknowledges God's sovereignty.
553 BC
Daniel's Vision of Four Kingdoms
Daniel receives visions of four great beasts representing successive world empires (Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome) and the Son of Man receiving an everlasting kingdom from the Ancient of Days.
551 BC
Daniel's Vision of the Ram and the Goat
Daniel sees a vision of a two-horned ram (Medo-Persia) defeated by a swift goat with a prominent horn (Greece/Alexander). The horn breaks and four horns replace it, from one of which arises a little horn.
539 BC
Belshazzar's Feast and Fall of Babylon
King Belshazzar hosts a feast using sacred Temple vessels. A mysterious hand writes on the wall. Daniel interprets: Babylon has been weighed and found wanting. That night Babylon falls to the Medes and Persians.
539 BC
Daniel in the Lions' Den
Daniel, now elderly and serving the Persian-Median empire under Darius, is trapped by jealous officials into a decree forbidding prayer to anyone but the king. Daniel continues praying and is thrown into the lions' den but is miraculously preserved.
539 BC
Daniel's Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks
While praying and confessing Israel's sin, Daniel receives from the angel Gabriel the prophecy of seventy 'weeks' (490 years) decreed for Israel, culminating in the coming of the Anointed One and the end of sin.
8
Return & Rebuild
16 events538 BC
Cyrus's Decree to Return
Cyrus the Great of Persia issues a decree allowing the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. He returns the Temple vessels Nebuchadnezzar had taken and provides financial support.
538 BC
First Return Under Zerubbabel
About 49,897 Jews return to Jerusalem under the leadership of Zerubbabel (a descendant of David) and Jeshua the high priest. They rebuild the altar and begin Temple foundations.
536 BC– 520 BC
Opposition to Temple Rebuilding
Local peoples — Samaritans and other settlers — oppose the rebuilding of the Temple, sending accusations to the Persian court. Work halts for about 16 years until Haggai and Zechariah motivate the people to resume.
520 BC
Haggai Rebukes the People for Neglecting the Temple
The prophet Haggai confronts the returned exiles who have built paneled houses for themselves while the Temple lies in ruins. He calls them to consider their ways — their harvests have been meager because God's house is neglected.
520 BC– 516 BC
Rebuilding of the Second Temple
After years of delay due to opposition and discouragement, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah motivate the people to resume building. The Second Temple is completed and dedicated in 516 BC.
520 BC
Zechariah's Messianic Visions
The prophet Zechariah receives eight night visions and delivers oracles about the coming Messiah — a king entering Jerusalem on a donkey, a shepherd struck down, one pierced whom they will mourn, and a fountain for cleansing.
516 BC
Dedication of the Second Temple
The rebuilt Temple is completed and dedicated with great joy. The returned exiles celebrate the Passover together for the first time since the destruction. Priests and Levites are appointed for service.
500 BC
Joel's Prophecy of the Spirit's Outpouring
The prophet Joel, responding to a devastating locust plague, calls for national repentance and prophesies that God will pour out His Spirit on all flesh — sons and daughters will prophesy, old men dream dreams.
479 BC
Story of Esther
In Persia, the Jewish orphan Esther becomes queen. When Haman plots to exterminate all Jews, Esther risks her life to intercede with King Ahasuerus. Haman is executed and the Jews are saved.
458 BC
Ezra Returns and Reforms
The scribe Ezra leads a second return of exiles to Jerusalem with a royal letter from Artaxerxes. He discovers widespread intermarriage with foreign peoples and leads a painful reform requiring divorce from pagan wives.
445 BC
Nehemiah's Night Inspection of Jerusalem's Walls
Upon arriving in Jerusalem, Nehemiah secretly rides around the city at night to inspect the broken walls and burned gates. He then reveals his mission to the Jewish leaders and rallies them to rebuild.
445 BC
Nehemiah Rebuilds the Walls of Jerusalem
Nehemiah, cupbearer to King Artaxerxes, receives permission to return and rebuild Jerusalem's walls. Despite fierce opposition from Sanballat and Tobiah, the walls are completed in just 52 days.
444 BC
Ezra Reads the Law Publicly
Ezra stands on a wooden platform and reads the Book of the Law to all the people from dawn to midday. Levites help the people understand. The people weep in conviction but are told to rejoice.
444 BC
Nehemiah's Social Reforms
Nehemiah discovers that wealthy Jews are charging excessive interest and taking the lands and children of the poor as security. He confronts the nobles, demands restitution, and personally refuses the governor's food allowance.
444 BC
Feast of Tabernacles Restored
After Ezra reads the Law publicly, the people observe the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) for the first time since Joshua's day, building booths and celebrating for seven days with great rejoicing.
432 BC
Prophecy of Malachi — Last OT Prophet
Malachi, the last Old Testament prophet, rebukes Israel for corrupt worship, unfaithfulness, and robbing God of tithes. He promises the coming of a messenger to prepare the way and the 'sun of righteousness.'
9
Intertestamental
17 events334 BC– 323 BC
Alexander the Great Conquers the Near East
Alexander of Macedon conquers the Persian Empire, Egypt, and territories as far as India. Greek language and culture (Hellenism) spread throughout the known world, including Judea.
323 BC– 198 BC
Ptolemaic Rule Over Judea
After Alexander's death, his empire is divided among his generals. Judea falls under the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt for over a century. Jews enjoy relative autonomy and their community in Alexandria flourishes.
300 BC
Development of Synagogue Worship
During the intertestamental period, the synagogue becomes the primary institution for Jewish worship, education, and community life. Weekly Torah readings, prayers, and teaching are standardized.
285 BC– 246 BC
Translation of the Septuagint
Jewish scholars in Alexandria translate the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek (the Septuagint or LXX), making the Old Testament accessible to Greek-speaking Jews and Gentiles throughout the diaspora.
200 BC
The Pharisees Develop Oral Torah
During the intertestamental period, the Pharisees develop an extensive oral tradition (later codified as the Mishnah) interpreting and expanding the written Torah with additional rules and applications.
198 BC
Seleucid Conquest of Judea
The Seleucid king Antiochus III defeats the Ptolemies at the Battle of Panium and takes control of Judea. Initially tolerant, Seleucid rule becomes increasingly oppressive under subsequent rulers.
167 BC
Antiochus IV Desecrates the Temple
The Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes outlaws Jewish worship, erects an altar to Zeus in the Temple, and sacrifices a pig on the altar — the 'abomination of desolation.' Torah scrolls are destroyed.
167 BC– 160 BC
The Maccabean Revolt
Mattathias and his sons, led by Judas Maccabeus, launch a guerrilla war against Seleucid forces. Against overwhelming odds, they recapture Jerusalem and rededicate the Temple in 164 BC.
165 BC
The Book of Daniel's Influence on Apocalypticism
Daniel's visions of world empires, the Son of Man, and the resurrection of the dead spark a flourishing of Jewish apocalyptic literature during the intertestamental period, including 1 Enoch, 4 Ezra, and 2 Baruch.
150 BC
The Essenes and the Dead Sea Community
A separatist Jewish sect withdraws to the wilderness near the Dead Sea, establishing a community at Qumran. They copy and preserve Scripture scrolls, practice ritual purity, and await the coming of the Messiah.
150 BC
Rise of the Pharisees and Sadducees
During the Hasmonean period, two major Jewish religious parties emerge. The Pharisees emphasize oral tradition and synagogue worship; the Sadducees control the Temple priesthood and reject belief in resurrection.
140 BC– 63 BC
Hasmonean Dynasty Rules Judea
Following the Maccabean revolt, the Hasmonean family establishes an independent Jewish state. They serve as both kings and high priests, expanding territory but also becoming increasingly corrupt and Hellenized.
63 BC
Roman Conquest of Judea
Roman general Pompey captures Jerusalem, enters the Holy of Holies, and makes Judea a Roman client state. The Hasmonean dynasty effectively ends, and Rome controls Jewish political affairs.
37 BC– 4 BC
Herod the Great's Reign
Herod, an Idumean appointed king by Rome, rules Judea with a combination of grand building projects and brutal paranoia. He builds Caesarea, Masada, and expands the Temple, but also executes family members and rivals.
27 BC
The Pax Romana and Roman Roads
Emperor Augustus establishes the Pax Romana — a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire. A vast network of roads, common Greek language, and unified governance connect the Mediterranean world.
20 BC
Birth of Herod Antipas and the Tetrarchy
After Herod the Great's death, his kingdom is divided among his sons. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, ruling during the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus.
20 BC– 64 AD
Herod the Great Rebuilds the Temple
King Herod the Great begins a massive expansion and beautification of the Second Temple, making it one of the ancient world's most magnificent structures. Construction continues for decades after his death.
10
New Testament
63 events5 BC
The Annunciation to Mary
The angel Gabriel appears to the virgin Mary in Nazareth, announcing that she will conceive by the Holy Spirit and bear a son named Jesus, who will be called the Son of the Most High and reign on David's throne forever.
5 BC
The Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth
After the Annunciation, Mary visits her relative Elizabeth, who is pregnant with John. When Elizabeth hears Mary's greeting, John leaps in her womb. Mary responds with the Magnificat, praising God's faithfulness.
6 BC
Birth of John the Baptist
The angel Gabriel announces to the elderly priest Zechariah that his barren wife Elizabeth will bear a son named John, who will go before the Lord in the spirit of Elijah to prepare His way.
5 BC
Birth of Jesus Christ
Jesus is born to Mary in Bethlehem during the reign of Herod the Great, while Joseph and Mary are there for the Roman census. Angels announce the birth to shepherds, and a star guides Magi from the East.
5 BC
The Shepherds Visit the Newborn Jesus
Angels appear to shepherds keeping watch over their flocks at night near Bethlehem, announcing the birth of the Savior. The shepherds hurry to find Mary, Joseph, and the baby lying in a manger.
4 BC
Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
Joseph and Mary bring the infant Jesus to the Temple for dedication according to the Law. The aged Simeon takes Jesus in his arms and declares him 'a light for revelation to the Gentiles.' The prophetess Anna also recognizes him.
4 BC
The Visit of the Magi
Wise men from the East follow a star to Jerusalem seeking the newborn King of the Jews. Directed to Bethlehem by the chief priests, they worship Jesus and present gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
4 BC
The Massacre of the Innocents
King Herod, furious that the Magi did not return to identify the child, orders the execution of all boys two years old and under in Bethlehem and its vicinity.
4 BC– 2 BC
Flight to Egypt and Return
Warned in a dream, Joseph flees with Mary and infant Jesus to Egypt to escape Herod's massacre of boys under two in Bethlehem. After Herod's death, the family returns and settles in Nazareth.
8 AD
Boy Jesus in the Temple
At age twelve, Jesus stays behind in the Temple during the Passover festival, discussing Scripture with the teachers who are amazed at His understanding. He tells Mary and Joseph He must be about His Father's business.
26 AD– 28 AD
Ministry of John the Baptist
John the Baptist preaches repentance in the Judean wilderness and baptizes in the Jordan River. He calls for moral reform, announces the coming Messiah, and draws large crowds from all over Judea.
27 AD
Baptism of Jesus
Jesus comes to John at the Jordan River to be baptized. As He rises from the water, the heavens open, the Holy Spirit descends like a dove, and the Father's voice declares 'This is my beloved Son.'
27 AD
Temptation of Jesus in the Wilderness
Led by the Spirit into the wilderness, Jesus fasts for 40 days and is tempted by Satan three times — to turn stones to bread, to test God, and to worship Satan for worldly power. Jesus resists each with Scripture.
27 AD
Jesus' First Miracle at Cana
At a wedding in Cana of Galilee, Jesus turns water into wine when the supply runs out. His mother prompts him, and he transforms six stone jars of water into the finest wine, revealing his glory to his disciples.
27 AD
Jesus and Nicodemus
Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Sanhedrin, visits Jesus at night. Jesus tells him he must be 'born again' of water and Spirit. Jesus declares that God so loved the world He gave His only Son.
27 AD
Jesus and the Samaritan Woman
Jesus breaks social convention by speaking with a Samaritan woman at Jacob's well. He reveals her past, offers living water, and declares that true worshippers will worship in spirit and truth. She becomes an evangelist to her town.
27 AD
Jesus Cleanses the Temple
Jesus enters the Temple in Jerusalem, overturns the tables of money changers and drives out those selling animals with a whip of cords, declaring 'My house shall be called a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers.'
28 AD
Jesus Calls the Twelve Apostles
After a night of prayer, Jesus selects twelve men from His followers to be apostles — His inner circle who will receive special training and authority to carry on His mission after His departure.
28 AD
The Sermon on the Mount
Jesus delivers His most extensive teaching on a hillside near Capernaum, covering the Beatitudes, love of enemies, prayer (the Lord's Prayer), fasting, anxiety, judging others, and building on the rock.
28 AD
Jesus Teaches the Lord's Prayer
When the disciples ask Jesus to teach them to pray, he gives them a model prayer addressing God as Father, hallowing His name, asking for His kingdom, daily bread, forgiveness, and deliverance from evil.
28 AD
Jesus Heals on the Sabbath
Jesus repeatedly heals on the Sabbath — a man with a withered hand in the synagogue, a woman bent for 18 years, a man with dropsy — provoking escalating conflict with the Pharisees over Sabbath law.
28 AD
Jesus Forgives the Paralytic
Four friends lower a paralyzed man through the roof to reach Jesus in a crowded house. Jesus first forgives his sins — shocking the scribes — then heals his paralysis to prove his authority to forgive.
28 AD
Jesus Heals the Centurion's Servant
A Roman centurion asks Jesus to heal his paralyzed servant. When Jesus offers to come, the centurion says he is not worthy but asks Jesus to just say the word. Jesus marvels at his faith and heals the servant from a distance.
28 AD
Jesus Raises the Widow's Son at Nain
Jesus encounters a funeral procession for the only son of a widow in Nain. Moved with compassion, He touches the bier and says 'Young man, I say to you, arise.' The dead man sits up and begins speaking.
28 AD
Jesus Raises Jairus' Daughter
Jairus, a synagogue ruler, begs Jesus to heal his dying daughter. While en route, news comes that she has died. Jesus says 'She is not dead but sleeping,' takes her hand, and she rises alive.
28 AD
The Woman with the Issue of Blood
A woman who has suffered bleeding for twelve years touches the hem of Jesus' garment in a crowd and is immediately healed. Jesus stops, identifies her, and tells her that her faith has made her well.
28 AD
Jesus Casts Out Legion
In the region of the Gerasenes, Jesus encounters a man possessed by a legion of demons living among the tombs. Jesus casts the demons into a herd of pigs that rush into the sea. The man is restored to his right mind.
28 AD
Jesus Calms the Storm
While crossing the Sea of Galilee, a violent storm threatens to swamp the boat. Jesus, asleep on a cushion, is awakened by terrified disciples. He rebukes the wind and waves, and there is a great calm.
28 AD
Parables of the Kingdom
Jesus teaches about God's kingdom through parables: the Sower, the Wheat and Tares, the Mustard Seed, the Leaven, the Hidden Treasure, the Pearl of Great Price, and the Dragnet, describing how the kingdom grows.
28 AD
Jesus Rejected at Nazareth
Jesus reads from Isaiah in the Nazareth synagogue and declares the prophecy fulfilled. Initially impressed, the crowd turns hostile when Jesus compares them unfavorably to Gentiles. They attempt to throw him off a cliff.
29 AD
Feeding of the Five Thousand
With five loaves and two fish from a boy's lunch, Jesus feeds a crowd of 5,000 men plus women and children. Twelve baskets of leftovers are collected. This is the only miracle recorded in all four Gospels.
29 AD
Jesus Walks on Water
After feeding the 5,000, Jesus sends the disciples ahead by boat while he prays. During the night, he walks to them on the water. Peter steps out to meet him but begins to sink when he takes his eyes off Jesus.
29 AD
Jesus Feeds the Four Thousand
In the predominantly Gentile region of the Decapolis, Jesus feeds 4,000 men plus women and children with seven loaves and a few fish. Seven baskets of leftovers are collected.
29 AD
Beheading of John the Baptist
Herod Antipas imprisons John the Baptist for condemning his marriage to Herodias, his brother's wife. At Herod's birthday feast, Herodias' daughter dances and requests John's head on a platter. Herod reluctantly complies.
29 AD
Peter's Confession at Caesarea Philippi
Jesus asks his disciples who they say he is. Peter declares 'You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.' Jesus blesses Peter and reveals for the first time that he must suffer, die, and rise again.
29 AD
The Transfiguration
Jesus takes Peter, James, and John up a high mountain. His appearance is transformed — his face shines like the sun and his clothes become dazzling white. Moses and Elijah appear, and the Father's voice declares 'This is my beloved Son.'
29 AD
Parable of the Good Samaritan
When a lawyer asks 'Who is my neighbor?', Jesus tells of a man beaten by robbers and left for dead. A priest and Levite pass by, but a despised Samaritan stops, tends his wounds, and pays for his care.
29 AD
Jesus Sends Out the Seventy-Two
Jesus appoints seventy-two disciples and sends them ahead in pairs to every town he plans to visit. They return with joy, reporting that even demons submit in his name. Jesus says he saw Satan fall like lightning.
29 AD
Jesus Heals a Man Born Blind
Jesus makes mud with saliva, applies it to a blind man's eyes, and tells him to wash in the Pool of Siloam. The man receives sight. When questioned by the Pharisees, he boldly testifies and is expelled from the synagogue.
29 AD
Jesus Heals Ten Lepers
Ten lepers call out to Jesus for mercy. He tells them to show themselves to the priests, and they are cleansed as they go. Only one — a Samaritan — returns to give thanks.
29 AD
The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus
Jesus tells of a rich man who feasts daily while the beggar Lazarus lies at his gate. Both die — Lazarus goes to Abraham's bosom, the rich man to torment. The rich man's plea for warning his brothers is denied.
29 AD
Parable of the Prodigal Son
Jesus tells of a younger son who takes his inheritance, squanders it in a far country, and returns home destitute. The father runs to embrace him, throws a feast, and rebukes the jealous older brother.
30 AD
Jesus and Zacchaeus
The chief tax collector Zacchaeus, short in stature, climbs a sycamore tree to see Jesus passing through Jericho. Jesus calls him down, dines at his home, and Zacchaeus pledges to give half his goods to the poor and repay fraud fourfold.
30 AD
Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead
Jesus arrives in Bethany four days after Lazarus' death. He weeps at the tomb, then commands 'Lazarus, come out!' Lazarus emerges alive, still wrapped in burial cloths. Many Jews believe, but the Sanhedrin plots to kill Jesus.
30 AD
Jesus Anointed at Bethany
A woman (identified as Mary of Bethany in John's account) anoints Jesus with an expensive jar of perfume. Some disciples complain about the waste, but Jesus defends her, saying she has prepared his body for burial.
30 AD
The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem
Jesus enters Jerusalem riding a donkey as crowds wave palm branches and shout 'Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' He enters the Temple and drives out the money changers.
30 AD
Jesus Curses the Fig Tree
On His way to Jerusalem, Jesus sees a fig tree with leaves but no fruit. He curses it, and by the next morning it has withered from the roots. The disciples are astonished.
30 AD
Jesus' Olivet Discourse
On the Mount of Olives overlooking the Temple, Jesus delivers his most extensive prophetic teaching. He predicts the Temple's destruction, warns of false messiahs and tribulation, and describes his glorious return.
30 AD
The Parable of the Ten Virgins
Jesus tells of ten virgins waiting for a bridegroom. Five are wise and bring extra oil; five are foolish and run out. When the bridegroom arrives at midnight, the foolish are shut out of the wedding feast.
30 AD
The Parable of the Ten Talents
Jesus tells of a master who entrusts talents to three servants before a journey. Two invest and double their money; the third buries his talent in fear. The faithful servants are rewarded; the fearful one is cast out.
30 AD
The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats
Jesus describes the final judgment where the Son of Man separates the nations like a shepherd separates sheep from goats. Those who fed the hungry, clothed the naked, and visited the imprisoned are welcomed; those who neglected them are condemned.
30 AD
The Last Supper
On the night before His crucifixion, Jesus shares a Passover meal with His disciples. He washes their feet, institutes the Lord's Supper with bread and wine representing His body and blood, and gives final teachings.
30 AD
Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet
At the Last Supper, Jesus rises, wraps a towel around his waist, and washes the feet of each disciple — a task normally done by the lowest servant. Peter initially refuses but relents. Jesus commands them to do likewise.
30 AD
Jesus' High Priestly Prayer
At the Last Supper, Jesus prays for Himself, His disciples, and all future believers. He prays for their unity, sanctification, protection from evil, and that they may behold His glory.
30 AD
Jesus' Agony in Gethsemane
In the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus prays in intense anguish, sweating drops like blood. He asks the Father to remove the cup of suffering but submits: 'Not my will, but yours be done.' The disciples fall asleep.
30 AD
Arrest and Trial of Jesus
Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss in Gethsemane. Jesus is arrested and tried before the Sanhedrin, then Pilate, then Herod, then Pilate again. Despite finding no guilt, Pilate yields to the crowd and sentences Jesus to crucifixion.
30 AD
Peter's Denial of Jesus
As Jesus is tried before the high priest, Peter follows at a distance. Three times he is recognized as a disciple and three times he denies knowing Jesus. When the rooster crows, Peter remembers Jesus' prediction and weeps bitterly.
30 AD
Death of Judas Iscariot
After betraying Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, Judas is seized with remorse. He returns the money to the chief priests, who use it to buy a potter's field. Judas hangs himself.
30 AD
The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
Jesus is crucified at Golgotha between two criminals. Darkness covers the land for three hours. Jesus utters seven statements from the cross and dies. The Temple veil tears from top to bottom and an earthquake occurs.
30 AD
The Resurrection of Jesus Christ
On the third day after crucifixion, women find Jesus' tomb empty. Angels announce He has risen. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene, the disciples, and over 500 witnesses during 40 days before His ascension.
30 AD
Appearances of the Risen Christ
Over 40 days, the risen Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene, the women, Peter, two disciples on the Emmaus road, the Twelve, Thomas, seven disciples at the Sea of Galilee, over 500 at once, and James.
30 AD
The Great Commission
On a mountain in Galilee, the risen Jesus gives his final command to the disciples: 'Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them and teaching them to observe all I have commanded. I am with you always.'
30 AD
The Ascension of Jesus
Forty days after His resurrection, Jesus leads His disciples to the Mount of Olives, gives the Great Commission, blesses them, and ascends into heaven. Two angels promise He will return in the same way.
11
Early Church
40 events30 AD
The Choosing of Matthias
Before Pentecost, the apostles cast lots to replace Judas, choosing Matthias from among those who had followed Jesus from baptism to ascension. The number of apostles is restored to twelve.
30 AD
The Day of Pentecost
Fifty days after Jesus' resurrection, the Holy Spirit descends on the disciples in Jerusalem with the sound of rushing wind and tongues of fire. They speak in foreign languages. Peter preaches and about 3,000 are baptized.
30 AD– 33 AD
The Early Church's Common Life
The first believers in Jerusalem share all things in common, meet daily in the Temple courts and in homes, break bread together, and devote themselves to the apostles' teaching and prayer. The community grows daily.
30 AD
Peter Heals the Lame Man at the Temple Gate
Peter and John heal a man lame from birth at the Beautiful Gate of the Temple. Peter declares 'Silver and gold I do not have, but what I have I give you: in the name of Jesus Christ, walk.' The man leaps and praises God.
31 AD
Ananias and Sapphira
Ananias and Sapphira sell property and secretly keep part of the proceeds while claiming to give the full amount. Peter confronts them for lying to the Holy Spirit, and both fall dead.
33 AD
The Seven Deacons Appointed
As the church grows, Greek-speaking Jewish widows are overlooked in daily food distribution. The apostles appoint seven men full of the Spirit and wisdom — including Stephen and Philip — to serve tables, freeing the apostles for prayer and teaching.
34 AD
Martyrdom of Stephen
Stephen, one of the first seven deacons, is accused of blasphemy before the Sanhedrin. He delivers a powerful speech recounting Israel's history of rejecting God's messengers. He is stoned to death, becoming the first Christian martyr.
35 AD
Conversion of Saul (Paul)
Saul of Tarsus, a Pharisee zealously persecuting Christians, encounters the risen Christ in a blinding light on the road to Damascus. He is converted, baptized, and later becomes the apostle Paul.
35 AD
Philip's Ministry in Samaria and to the Ethiopian
Philip the evangelist brings the Gospel to Samaria with great success. The Spirit then directs him to the desert road where he meets an Ethiopian court official reading Isaiah. Philip explains the Gospel, and the official is baptized.
40 AD
Conversion of Cornelius
Peter receives a vision of unclean animals and the command 'Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.' He is led to the Roman centurion Cornelius. The Holy Spirit falls on the Gentiles, and they are baptized.
40 AD
Peter's Vision and the Gospel to the Gentiles
Peter receives a vision of a sheet descending from heaven with unclean animals and a voice saying 'Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.' This prepares him to visit and baptize the Gentile Cornelius.
42 AD
The Church at Antioch
Believers scattered by persecution bring the Gospel to Antioch in Syria, where for the first time they preach to Greeks. Barnabas and Saul teach there for a year. It is at Antioch that followers are first called 'Christians.'
44 AD
James Martyred and Peter Imprisoned
King Herod Agrippa I executes the apostle James (John's brother) by the sword — the first apostle martyred. He then imprisons Peter, but an angel frees Peter the night before his planned execution.
47 AD– 48 AD
Paul's First Missionary Journey
Paul and Barnabas, sent by the church at Antioch, travel to Cyprus and southern Asia Minor (Galatia), establishing churches in Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe among both Jews and Gentiles.
48 AD
James Writes His Epistle
James, the brother of Jesus and leader of the Jerusalem church, writes to Jewish believers scattered abroad. He emphasizes that genuine faith produces works — caring for orphans and widows, controlling the tongue, and resisting favoritism.
49 AD
The Jerusalem Council
Church leaders meet in Jerusalem to resolve whether Gentile converts must be circumcised and follow the Mosaic Law. Led by James, they decide that Gentiles need not become Jews to follow Christ, requiring only basic moral standards.
49 AD
Paul and Barnabas Split Over John Mark
Paul and Barnabas disagree sharply over whether to bring John Mark on their second journey, since he deserted them earlier. They part company — Barnabas takes Mark to Cyprus while Paul takes Silas through Asia Minor.
49 AD
Paul Writes Galatians
Paul writes urgently to the Galatian churches where false teachers insist Gentile believers must be circumcised and follow the Mosaic Law. Paul passionately defends justification by faith alone apart from works of the law.
49 AD– 52 AD
Paul's Second Missionary Journey
Paul, with Silas and later Timothy and Luke, travels through Asia Minor to Macedonia and Greece. He establishes churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, and Corinth.
50 AD
Paul's Sermon on Mars Hill in Athens
Paul addresses the Areopagus in Athens, starting from their altar 'To an Unknown God.' He declares the Creator God who doesn't live in temples, calls all people to repentance, and proclaims the resurrection. Some believe, including Dionysius.
50 AD
Paul and Silas in the Philippian Jail
Paul and Silas are beaten and imprisoned in Philippi for casting out a fortune-telling spirit. At midnight they sing hymns; an earthquake opens the prison doors. The jailer, about to kill himself, is converted and baptized with his household.
53 AD– 57 AD
Paul's Third Missionary Journey
Paul centers his ministry in Ephesus for nearly three years, then revisits churches in Macedonia and Greece. He writes major epistles including Romans, 1-2 Corinthians, and Galatians during this period.
55 AD
The Riot at Ephesus
Demetrius the silversmith incites a riot because Paul's preaching threatens the trade in Artemis shrines. The crowd chants 'Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!' for two hours in the theater before the city clerk restores order.
55 AD
Paul Writes First Corinthians
From Ephesus, Paul writes to the divided Corinthian church addressing factions, immorality, lawsuits, marriage, food offered to idols, worship order, spiritual gifts, and the resurrection. He includes the famous love chapter.
57 AD– 59 AD
Paul's Arrest in Jerusalem and Imprisonment
Paul is arrested in the Temple after a mob accuses him of bringing Gentiles into the sacred precinct. He defends himself before the Sanhedrin, Felix, and Festus, and appeals to Caesar as a Roman citizen.
57 AD
Paul Writes to the Romans
From Corinth, Paul writes his epistle to the church in Rome — the most systematic theological treatise in the New Testament. He expounds justification by faith, the role of the Law, life in the Spirit, and God's plan for Israel.
59 AD– 60 AD
Paul's Voyage to Rome and Shipwreck
Paul sails for Rome under guard. A violent storm drives the ship for fourteen days before it runs aground off Malta. All 276 aboard survive. Paul heals the sick on Malta before continuing to Rome.
60 AD– 62 AD
Paul's Imprisonment in Rome
Paul lives under house arrest in Rome for two years, receiving visitors and preaching the kingdom of God. During this time he writes the Prison Epistles: Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon.
61 AD
Paul Writes Philippians from Prison
From his Roman imprisonment, Paul writes a letter of joy to the Philippian church. Despite chains, he rejoices in Christ's advancement, teaches the Christ-hymn of kenosis, and encourages contentment in all circumstances.
63 AD
Peter Writes His First Epistle
Peter writes from Rome (referred to as 'Babylon') to scattered Christians in Asia Minor facing persecution. He encourages them to stand firm, live holy lives, and rejoice in their living hope through the resurrection.
64 AD– 68 AD
Nero's Persecution of Christians
After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero blames Christians and launches a brutal persecution. Believers are tortured, burned as human torches, and thrown to wild beasts. Tradition holds that both Peter and Paul are martyred during this period.
66 AD– 73 AD
The Jewish Revolt Against Rome
Jewish Zealots launch a revolt against Roman rule, initially achieving surprising success. Roman legions under Vespasian and then Titus systematically reconquer Galilee, then besiege and destroy Jerusalem in 70 AD.
67 AD
The Epistle to the Hebrews Written
An unknown author writes to Jewish Christians tempted to abandon their faith and return to Judaism. The letter argues Christ's superiority over angels, Moses, Aaron, and the entire old covenant sacrificial system.
67 AD
Martyrdom of Peter and Paul
According to strong early tradition, both Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome during Nero's persecution. Peter is crucified upside down at his own request; Paul, as a Roman citizen, is beheaded.
70 AD
Roman Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple
Roman legions under Titus besiege and destroy Jerusalem, burning the Second Temple to the ground. Over a million Jews perish and the survivors are scattered. The Temple has never been rebuilt.
70 AD
Roman Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD
Roman legions under Titus besiege and destroy Jerusalem after a Jewish revolt. The Second Temple is burned, the city is razed, and over a million Jews perish. Survivors are sold into slavery or scattered.
73 AD
The Fall of Masada
The last Jewish holdout against Rome falls when 960 Zealot defenders at the fortress of Masada choose mass suicide rather than surrender to the besieging Roman Tenth Legion.
81 AD– 96 AD
Domitian's Persecution of Christians
Emperor Domitian demands worship as 'lord and god,' persecuting Christians who refuse. John is exiled to Patmos, and tradition records the martyrdom of numerous believers throughout the empire.
90 AD– 95 AD
John Writes His Gospel and Epistles
The apostle John, the last surviving apostle, writes his Gospel emphasizing Jesus' deity and the theme of belief. He also writes three epistles addressing love, truth, and false teaching in the churches of Asia Minor.
95 AD
John Writes Revelation on Patmos
The apostle John, exiled to the island of Patmos during Emperor Domitian's persecution, receives visions of the risen Christ, messages to seven churches, and apocalyptic prophecy of the end times and Christ's return.