ἀνεπαίσχυντος

having no cause to be ashamed

Definition

The adjective ἀνεπαίσχυντος describes something or someone that is 'not to be ashamed of,' 'without shame,' or 'unashamed.' It conveys a state of having no legitimate cause for embarrassment or disgrace, implying that the subject is honorable, approved, and stands up to scrutiny. In its sole New Testament use in 2 Timothy 2:15, it characterizes the 'word of truth' when a worker handles it correctly. The term suggests a work or teaching that is sound, reliable, and thus presents no grounds for shame before God or others.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 2 Timothy 2:15. It appears in the context of pastoral instruction to Timothy, urging him to be a diligent worker who correctly handles 'the word of truth.' The adjective modifies this 'word,' indicating that when Scripture is taught accurately and applied faithfully, it results in a ministry and a message that are beyond reproach and warrant no shame. The usage is entirely positive, describing the quality of approved, trustworthy biblical workmanship.

Etymology

Derived from the alpha-privative prefix ἀν- (an-, meaning 'not' or 'without') combined with the verbal adjective ἐπαισχυντός (epaischyntos), which comes from the verb ἐπαισχύνομαι (epaischynomai, 'to be ashamed'). Literally, it means 'not ashamed' or 'not causing shame.' The prefix negates the state of shame, transforming it into a positive quality of being blameless or honorable.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects faithful biblical interpretation with confidence before God. In 2 Timothy 2:15, it underscores that correct handling of Scripture is not merely an academic exercise but is essential for producing a ministry that is approved and unashamed at Christ's judgment (cf. 1 John 2:28). It highlights the integrity and reliability of God's word itself and the responsibility of teachers to present it in a way that reflects its true, shameless nature. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing that biblical faithfulness directly impacts a believer's confidence and standing.

In the Greco-Roman world, honor and shame were pivotal cultural values. Public disgrace (shame) was a powerful social deterrent. To describe something as 'unashamed' (ἀνεπαίσχυντος) meant it was fully honorable and would withstand public scrutiny and judgment. This cultural backdrop amplifies Paul's charge to Timothy: in a context where teachers could be mocked or disgraced for error, faithfully handling God's word ensures the message and messenger remain above reproach.

ἀκατάγνωστος (akatagnōstos, G410) — emphasizes being 'not condemned' or 'blameless,' focusing more on the verdict from others. ἀνεπίλημπτος (anepilēmptos, G423) — means 'above reproach' or 'irreproachable,' often used of moral character and conduct.

Word Details

Scripture References