ἀντικρύ

right opposite, over against

Definition

The Greek particle ἀντικρύ means 'right opposite,' 'directly facing,' or 'over against.' It denotes a position directly across from something, often implying a clear line of sight or a specific point of reference. In its single New Testament occurrence in Acts 20:15, it describes the island of Samos being 'right opposite' the ship's position, giving a precise navigational detail. While the word can have a nautical sense of being 'off' a coast, its core meaning consistently relates to immediate, direct opposition in space.

Biblical Usage

ἀντικρύ is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 20:15, within the narrative of Paul's voyage. The text states the ship sailed 'right opposite' (ἀντικρύ) the island of Samos. This usage is purely descriptive and geographical, providing a specific locational detail in a travelogue context. There are no other patterns of usage in the New Testament.

Etymology

The word is derived from the preposition ἀντί (anti, G473), meaning 'against' or 'opposite,' combined with an uncertain second element, possibly related to κρύς (krys), an old word for 'head' or 'promontory.' Thus, its etymology reinforces the sense of being directly 'facing against' or 'head-on opposite' a landmark.

Semantic Range

In its original setting, ἀντικρύ was a precise term for spatial orientation, important for navigation, land description, and military positioning. Its use in Acts 20:15 reflects the detailed, factual reporting common in ancient travel narratives and sea voyages, helping listeners visualize the journey's progress. The modern understanding aligns closely, though we might use less specific phrasing like 'across from.'

ἀπέναντι (apenanti, G561) — also means 'opposite' or 'before,' but can imply a more general facing position, sometimes with a confrontational nuance. κατέναντι (katenanti, G2713) — means 'over against' or 'in the sight of,' often used for something situated directly in front.

Word Details

Scripture References