ἀπαράβατος

inviolable, unchangeable

Definition

The adjective ἀπαράβατος means 'inviolable,' 'unchangeable,' or 'permanent.' It describes something that cannot be transgressed, violated, or altered. In its sole biblical occurrence in Hebrews 7:24, it specifically characterizes the priesthood of Jesus Christ as permanent and without successor, in contrast to the Levitical priesthood which passed through many priests due to death. The term emphasizes an absolute, untransferable quality that is not subject to lapse or change.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Hebrews 7:24. It is applied directly to the priesthood of Jesus Christ, declaring it to be 'inviolable' or 'permanent.' The context is a comparison between the temporary, successive Levitical priesthood and Christ's eternal, unchangeable priesthood according to the order of Melchizedek. The usage is highly theological and serves to underscore the finality and perfection of Christ's work as High Priest.

Etymology

Derived from the alpha-privative prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and the verbal root related to παραβαίνω (parabainō, G3845), which means 'to transgress,' 'to go aside,' or 'to violate.' Literally, it means 'not to be transgressed' or 'not to be passed over.' The root conveys the idea of crossing a boundary or stepping aside from a set path, so ἀπαράβατος denotes that which cannot be crossed over or set aside.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it anchors the doctrine of Christ's permanent, unchangeable priesthood. It affirms that Jesus' priestly office and intercessory work are eternal and inviolable, providing believers with absolute security in their salvation. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the stark, qualitative difference between the old covenant's temporary system and the new covenant's finality in Christ, emphasizing the unshakable foundation of our access to God.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of something being 'inviolable' (ἄσυλος/asylos) was often applied to temples, treaties, or oaths that were considered sacred and untouchable. The author of Hebrews uses this strong adjective in a Jewish-priestly context to convey that Christ's priesthood possesses a divine, permanent sanctity that surpasses all earthly or Levitical institutions, which were inherently changeable due to human mortality.

ἄφθαρτος (aphthartos, G862) — emphasizes incorruptibility, often used for immortality. ἀμετάθετος (ametathetos, G276) — emphasizes unchangeable in the sense of not being altered or repealed, used of God's purpose in Hebrews 6:17.

Word Details

Scripture References