ἀπέρχομαι

I come or go away from, depart, return

Definition

The verb ἀπέρχομαι primarily means 'to go away from, depart, or leave.' It often describes a physical departure from a person or place, as when Joseph departs for Galilee after being warned in a dream (Matthew 2:22). It can also signify 'to go to' or 'arrive at' a destination, as when news about Jesus went out into all Syria (Matthew 4:24). In some contexts, it carries the sense of 'going after' or following, such as when the disciples ask to first go and bury their father (Matthew 8:21). The word can also imply a definitive leaving, as when the demons depart from the demoniacs and enter the pigs (Matthew 8:32).

Biblical Usage

ἀπέρχομαι is used frequently throughout the New Testament, especially in the Gospels and Acts, to narrate movement. It commonly appears in travel narratives, healing accounts (e.g., people departing after being healed), and parables. In Matthew, it often marks transitions in Jesus's ministry or the responses of individuals (e.g., the scribe and disciple in Matthew 8:19-21). The word is versatile, used for both ordinary travel and significant, sometimes supernatural, departures.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from, away from') and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, meaning 'to come or go'). The compound emphasizes motion away from a point of origin. Its root meaning is essentially 'to go away from,' which remains central to its New Testament usage.

Semantic Range

While often describing simple movement, ἀπέρχομαι can carry theological weight in specific contexts. It marks decisive actions in discipleship, such as leaving to follow Jesus or failing to do so (Matthew 8:18-22). It also describes the departure of evil spirits, signifying Jesus's authority over the spiritual realm (Matthew 8:32). Understanding this verb helps readers see the intentionality behind characters' movements in biblical narratives, often highlighting obedience, rejection, or the transfer of power.

In a culture where travel was often arduous and significant, 'departing' could imply a major life decision or a permanent separation. The act of leaving one's family or responsibilities, as discussed in Matthew 8, would have carried heavy social and economic consequences, making Jesus's call to discipleship more radical.

πορεύομαι (poreuomai, G4198) — emphasizes the process of going or journeying, often with a purpose. ὑπάγω (hypagō, G5217) — often a command meaning 'go away' or 'depart,' with a sense of withdrawal. ἔρχομαι (erchomai, G2064) — the simple root meaning 'to come or go,' without the 'away from' emphasis.

Word Details

Scripture References