ἀπόδειξις

demonstration, proof

Definition

ἀπόδειξις (apodeixis) means a clear demonstration, proof, or public display that makes something convincingly evident. In its New Testament usage in 1 Corinthians 2:4, it refers to a powerful, Spirit-empowered proof that validates a message, contrasting with mere human persuasive arguments. In broader Greek literature, it could denote a logical proof or a public exhibition. The word carries the sense of something being shown forth with compelling clarity.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Corinthians 2:4. Here, the Apostle Paul describes his preaching in Corinth as being not with 'persuasive words of wisdom' but with a 'demonstration of the Spirit and of power' (ἀπόδειξις πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως). The context is Paul's defense of his ministry's authenticity and power, which rested not on human rhetoric but on the Holy Spirit's work.

Etymology

Derived from the verb ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknumi), meaning 'to show forth, demonstrate, or prove.' It is a compound of ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and δείκνυμι (deiknumi, 'to show, point out'). Thus, it literally means 'a showing forth from' or 'a full demonstration.'

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the divine source of apostolic authority and the nature of genuine spiritual conviction. In 1 Corinthians 2:4, ἀπόδειξις distinguishes human wisdom from the power of the Holy Spirit, which alone can bring true faith. Understanding this term enriches reading by clarifying that effective ministry and belief are rooted in God's demonstration, not human argumentation.

In the Greco-Roman world, ἀπόδειξις was used in philosophical and rhetorical contexts for logical proofs and public displays intended to persuade an audience. Paul's use subverts this expectation, transferring the source of convincing proof from human eloquence to the supernatural work of the Spirit, which would have been a counter-cultural claim.

ἔνδειξις (endeixis, G1732) — a pointing out or indication, often of evidence. πίστις (pistis, G4102) — faith or trust, sometimes in the sense of that which provides conviction. τεκμήριον (tekmērion, G5039) — a sure sign or certain proof.

Word Details

Scripture References