ἀποθήκη

a repository, granary, barn, storehouse

Definition

The word ἀποθήκη (apothēkē) primarily means a storage place or repository, most often for agricultural produce. In the New Testament, it consistently refers to a 'granary' or 'barn' where harvested grain is kept (Matthew 3:12, Luke 3:17). This sense extends to a general 'storehouse' for goods, as seen in the parable of the rich fool who planned to build larger ones for his surplus (Luke 12:18). Jesus also uses the term metaphorically when speaking of God's provision, noting that birds do not sow or reap nor gather into barns, yet are fed by the Father (Matthew 6:26, Luke 12:24).

Biblical Usage

ἀποθήκη is used six times in the New Testament, exclusively in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Its usage is consistently agricultural, depicting the storage of grain. In Matthew 13:30 and the parallel passages in Matthew 3:12/Luke 3:17, it appears in eschatological metaphors about gathering the wheat into the barn and burning the chaff. In teachings on God's provision (Matthew 6:26, Luke 12:24) and human folly (Luke 12:18), it represents physical security and wealth. The word never appears in a non-agrarian context.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'away') and the root related to τίθημι (tithēmi, 'to put or place'). Thus, it literally means 'a place where something is put away.' It is a compound noun that clearly conveys its function as a depository. Cognates and similar words include θησαυρός (thēsauros, G2344) for 'treasure' or 'storehouse,' which can have a more general or figurative sense.

Semantic Range

While a common agricultural term, ἀποθήκη gains theological weight through its use in Jesus's teachings. It becomes a symbol for divine judgment and separation (the wheat and the chaff), human self-reliance versus divine provision, and the folly of storing up earthly treasures without being 'rich toward God' (Luke 12:21). Understanding it as a 'granary' enriches the parables, highlighting the contrast between temporary, physical security and eternal, spiritual reality.

In a predominantly agrarian society, a granary (ἀποθήκη) was a vital structure for survival, representing food security, wealth, and planning for the future. It was often a secure, above-ground building. This cultural understanding makes the rich fool's dialogue about building 'bigger barns' (Luke 12:18) a relatable image of shortsighted materialism. The metaphor of gathering wheat into the barn would immediately convey ideas of preservation, safety, and successful harvest to an ancient audience.

θησαυρός (thēsauros, G2344) — a treasure, storehouse, or treasury; can be used for both physical and spiritual treasures (e.g., Matthew 6:19-21). ταμεῖον (tameion, G5009) — an inner chamber, storeroom, or secret place; typically a smaller, private room (e.g., Matthew 6:6).

Word Details

Scripture References