אָרַז

of cedar

Definition

The Hebrew noun אָרַז (ʼâraz) refers specifically to cedar wood, a material prized in the ancient Near East. It is used in the Bible to denote items constructed from this valuable timber. In its sole biblical occurrence, Ezekiel 27:24, it describes merchandise 'made of cedar' within a list of Tyre's luxurious trade goods. The word functions as a passive participle, meaning 'cedar-made' or 'of cedar,' directly derived from the noun for the cedar tree itself (אֶרֶז, H730).

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in Ezekiel 27:24. It appears in a prophetic oracle against Tyre, detailing the city's extensive and opulent trade. The term is part of an inventory of fine goods, specifying items crafted from cedar wood. This singular usage highlights cedar as a luxury commodity in ancient international commerce.

Etymology

The word אָרַז is a passive participle derived from the primitive root meaning 'to be firm.' It is used as a denominative verb from the noun אֶרֶז (H730, 'cedar tree'). Thus, its meaning developed from the concept of firmness to specifically denote something made from the firm, durable wood of the cedar.

Semantic Range

Cedar wood was a highly valued, prestigious material in the ancient world, imported primarily from Lebanon. It was known for its durability, fragrance, and resistance to rot, making it ideal for royal construction (e.g., Solomon's Temple) and luxury items. Its mention in Ezekiel 27:24 underscores the wealth and decadence of Tyre, a major trading power. The modern reader might simply see 'wood,' but the original audience understood it as a marker of great quality and expense.

אֶרֶז (ʼerez, H730) — The primary noun for the cedar tree itself, whereas אָרַז specifies items made from it.

Word Details

Scripture References