ἀσάλευτος

unshaken, immovable

Definition

The adjective ἀσάλευτος means 'unshaken,' 'immovable,' or 'unmovable.' It describes something that cannot be shaken or moved from its place, whether physically or metaphorically. In its only two New Testament occurrences, it carries a physical sense in Acts 27:41, where a ship's stern is broken by the force of waves but the bow remains 'immovable' or stuck fast. In Hebrews 12:28, the term is used metaphorically to describe the unshakable nature of the kingdom believers receive from God, contrasting it with things that can be shaken.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in two distinct contexts. In Acts 27:41, it is used in a literal, nautical narrative to describe part of a ship that could not be moved after running aground. In Hebrews 12:28, it is used theologically and metaphorically to describe the enduring, stable nature of God's kingdom, which believers are to receive. The pattern shows a movement from a concrete, physical description to a profound spiritual reality.

Etymology

Derived from the alpha-privative ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and the verbal root related to σαλεύω (saleuō, G4531), meaning 'to shake,' 'to agitate,' or 'to cause to totter.' The root is also seen in words like σάλος (salos, G4535), meaning 'a tossing' or 'the swell of the sea.' Thus, the compound word literally means 'not able to be shaken.'

Semantic Range

In Hebrews 12:28, this word is theologically significant as it characterizes the kingdom of God as permanent and secure, in contrast to the temporary, shakeable created order (Hebrews 12:26-27). This assures believers that their hope and inheritance in Christ are absolutely stable and dependable. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the absolute security and permanence of God's promises and reign, encouraging steadfast faith.

In the Greco-Roman world, stability and firm foundations were highly valued, both in philosophy (seeking unshakable truth) and engineering. The physical use in Acts 27:41 reflects common maritime dangers. The metaphorical use in Hebrews would resonate with audiences familiar with philosophical ideals of the immutable and with Jewish apocalyptic literature that contrasted the transient world with God's eternal kingdom.

ἑδραῖος (hedraios, G1476) — emphasizes being settled, firm, or steadfast in a figurative sense (e.g., 1 Corinthians 15:58). βέβαιος (bebaios, G949) — emphasizes being firm, reliable, or sure, often regarding promises or confirmations (e.g., Hebrews 6:19).

Word Details

Scripture References