אָזַן

to weigh, i.e. (figuratively) ponder

Definition

The Hebrew verb אָזַן (ʼâzan) means 'to weigh' in a literal sense, but in its sole biblical occurrence, it is used figuratively to mean 'to give ear,' 'to listen attentively,' or 'to pay close heed.' This figurative meaning arises from the concept of weighing words carefully in one's mind, implying a deliberate and thoughtful process of consideration. The word appears only in Proverbs 4:20, where the sage instructs, 'My son, give attention (הַקְשִׁיב, haqshiv) to my words; incline your ear (הַט, hat) to my sayings.' The parallel structure suggests that 'to give attention' (from אָזַן) involves a focused, internal processing of wisdom, akin to weighing its value.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only once in the entire Old Testament, in the wisdom literature of Proverbs 4:20. Its usage is in a direct, paternal exhortation to pursue wisdom. The context is instructional, urging the listener to internalize and carefully consider the teacher's words. It is paired with other verbs for listening (הַקְשִׁיב) and physical attentiveness (incline your ear), emphasizing a comprehensive posture of receptive learning.

Etymology

אָזַן is a primitive root. It is closely related to, and likely identical with, H238 (אֹזֶן, 'ozen), meaning 'ear.' The connection is through the idea of a scale balance, where the two pans are likened to two ears. Thus, the core meaning developed from the physical act of weighing with scales to the mental act of 'weighing' or evaluating words heard, leading to the figurative sense of giving careful, pondering attention.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word is theologically significant as it captures the active, discerning posture required for receiving divine wisdom. It moves beyond passive hearing to an engaged evaluation of truth. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the reading of Proverbs by highlighting that biblical wisdom is not merely heard but must be carefully weighed, assessed, and internalized—a process central to the fear of the Lord and righteous living.

In the ancient Near East, scales were a common instrument for commerce and justice, symbolizing careful measurement and judgment. Applying this imagery to listening reframes communication. To 'weigh' words was not a casual act but one of serious deliberation and judgment, expecting the words themselves to have substantive value worthy of such scrutiny, much like precious metal.

שָׁמַע (shama', H8085) — the general verb for 'to hear'; often denotes the simple act of hearing or obeying. הַקְשִׁיב (haqshiv, H7181) — to incline, attend, or give heed; emphasizes the direction of one's attention. בִּין (biyn, H995) — to understand, discern; focuses on the cognitive result of processing information.

Word Details