סַלָּח

placable

Definition

סַלָּח is a noun meaning 'ready to forgive' or 'placable,' describing God's character as one who is inclined and quick to pardon. It emphasizes God's willingness and readiness to forgive sin, rather than just His ability to do so. This term appears only in Psalm 86:5, where it is used in direct address to God: 'For you, Lord, are good, and ready to forgive (סַלָּח), and abundant in mercy to all those who call upon You.' Here, it highlights a key attribute of God's nature in relation to those who seek Him.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in Psalm 86:5. It occurs in a prayer of David, within a context of personal supplication and praise. The usage is descriptive, affirming God's character as fundamentally forgiving toward those who call on Him. No other biblical books employ this specific noun form, making its occurrence unique and focused on this theological affirmation.

Etymology

סַלָּח is derived from the verb סָלַח (sālach, H5545), which means 'to forgive' or 'to pardon.' The noun form carries a participial sense, indicating one who is 'forgiving.' Cognates appear in other Semitic languages, such as Akkadian and Aramaic, with similar meanings related to releasing or letting go. The development from verb to noun emphasizes the enduring quality or state of being forgiving.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures a core attribute of God's character: His readiness to forgive. It assures believers that God is not reluctant or hesitant to pardon but is inherently disposed to show mercy. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the reading of Psalm 86 by highlighting that forgiveness is not just an action God performs but an integral part of His nature, encouraging trust and repentance among His people.

In ancient Israelite culture, forgiveness was often understood within the context of covenant relationship and sacrificial systems. The term סַלָּח, though rare, would resonate with the cultural expectation of a gracious deity who responds to sincere repentance. Unlike modern notions where forgiveness might be seen as conditional or earned, this word portrays God's forgiveness as a ready and available aspect of His character, accessible to those who seek Him.

סָלַח (sālach, H5545) — the verb meaning 'to forgive,' focusing on the action of pardoning. חָנַן (chanan, H2603) — often translated 'to be gracious' or 'show favor,' emphasizing mercy rather than specific forgiveness of sin. רָחַם (racham, H7355) — meaning 'to have compassion' or 'to love deeply,' related to tender mercy.

Word Details

Scripture References