סַף

Saph, a Philistine

Definition

Saph is the name of a Philistine warrior, specifically one of the descendants of the giants (Raphaim) who was killed by Sibbecai the Hushathite during a battle at Gob (2 Samuel 21:18). As a proper noun, it refers solely to this individual. The name itself is identical to the common Hebrew noun meaning 'threshold' or 'basin' (H5592), but in this context, it functions purely as a personal identifier. No other meanings or biblical references are associated with this specific term.

Biblical Usage

The word is used only once in the Old Testament, in 2 Samuel 21:18, within a narrative detailing David's wars against the Philistines. It identifies one of four Philistine giants slain by David's warriors. The usage is strictly as a proper name with no symbolic or repeated application elsewhere in Scripture.

Etymology

The name Saph is the same as the Hebrew common noun סַף (saph, H5592), which means 'threshold,' 'basin,' or 'bowl.' It is derived from the root סוף (sûph), relating to a limit or edge. As a Philistine name, it was likely adopted or adapted from their own language, though it appears identical to the Hebrew word. A related proper name is Sippai (סִפַּי, H5598), another Philistine giant mentioned in 1 Chronicles 20:4, possibly a variant or from the same linguistic background.

Semantic Range

Saph was a Philistine, part of a group described as descendants of the Raphaim (giants), indicating he was likely of notable stature and feared in warfare. His death by Sibbecai, one of David's mighty men, demonstrates God's deliverance of Israel from formidable enemies, reinforcing themes of divine support for the king and the nation against pagan opposition. The cultural setting is one of ongoing military conflict between Israel and the Philistine city-states.

Sippai (Çippay, H5598) — Another Philistine giant, possibly a variant name or a related individual, mentioned in the parallel account in 1 Chronicles 20:4.

Word Details

Scripture References