χορός

a dance, dancing

Definition

The Greek noun χορός (choros) primarily means 'a dance' or 'dancing,' specifically referring to a group dance, often performed in a circle or line. In its single New Testament occurrence (Luke 15:25), it describes the celebratory music and dancing heard during the feast for the prodigal son's return. In broader Greek literature, it could also denote the place for dancing or, by extension, a band of dancers or singers, such as a chorus in a play. While the New Testament uses it only in a literal, festive sense, the concept of communal, joyful celebration is central to its meaning.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 15:25. It appears in the Parable of the Prodigal Son, where the older son, returning from the field, hears 'music and dancing' (συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν) at the homecoming feast for his brother. Its usage is strictly literal and describes a specific cultural expression of joy and celebration within a family and community context.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek χορός (choros), it originally referred to a circular dance or the space for such dancing. It is related to the verb χορεύω (choreuō, G3738), meaning 'to dance.' The root concept involves coordinated, communal movement, often with musical accompaniment, which evolved to also mean a band of dancers or singers (a chorus).

Semantic Range

While used only once, this word enriches the theological theme of joy and restoration in Luke 15. The 'dancing' is the audible, cultural sign of the father's lavish celebration over a sinner's repentance. It contrasts with the older son's resentment, highlighting the divine joy in heaven over one who returns to God. Understanding this specific cultural act deepens the parable's emotional and theological impact, moving beyond abstract 'joy' to a tangible, communal celebration.

In the ancient Greco-Roman and Jewish world, group dancing was a common expression of communal joy at celebrations like weddings, military victories, and religious festivals. Unlike some modern individualistic dancing, the χορός typically implied a coordinated, often circular, group activity. In the parable, it signifies a spontaneous, whole-household celebration, a public marker of restored honor and fellowship that the older son would have immediately recognized.

ὀρχέομαι (orcheomai, G3738) — a more general verb for 'to dance,' often used for individual or less formal dancing (e.g., Matthew 11:17, Mark 6:22).

Word Details

Scripture References