χρώς

the skin

Definition

The Greek word χρώς (chrōs) refers specifically to the skin of the human body, its surface, or the flesh. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Acts 19:12, it describes the skin of the sick and demon-possessed, onto which handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched the Apostle Paul were applied for healing. This usage aligns with the word's classical meaning, denoting the physical, external layer of the body. There are no other distinct biblical senses, as it appears only once.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 19:12. It appears in the context of extraordinary miracles performed through Paul in Ephesus, where cloths that had touched him were taken to heal the sick and drive out evil spirits. The specific mention of the 'skin' (χρώς) emphasizes the physical, tangible nature of the healing—the objects were applied directly to the body's surface. This singular usage is narrative and descriptive, highlighting a specific miraculous event.

Etymology

Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- meaning 'to rub, stroke.' It is a primary Greek noun for skin or the surface of the body. Related words include χρῶμα (chrōma, G5534), meaning 'color' or 'complexion,' which shares the same root, reflecting the skin's visible appearance.

Semantic Range

While the word itself is a common noun for skin, its single biblical occurrence in Acts 19:12 is theologically significant. It underscores the reality of God's power working through physical means and the apostolic authority of Paul. The detail emphasizes that the miracles were not abstract but involved direct, physical contact, authenticating the gospel message in Ephesus. Understanding this term enriches reading by highlighting the tangible nature of God's healing power in the early church.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, the skin was often associated with vulnerability, health, and physical identity. The use of cloths or aprons (σουδάρια or σιμικίνθια) that had touched a holy person was a known concept in both Jewish and pagan miracle stories. The specific mention of applying them to the 'skin' in Acts 19:12 would resonate with contemporary understandings of healing rituals that involved physical contact or transfer of power through objects.

σάρξ (sarx, G4561) — refers more broadly to flesh, the physical body, or human nature, often with ethical or theological connotations. δέρμα (derma, G1192) — also means skin or hide, but typically of animals or as a prepared leather, not commonly used for human skin in the NT.

Word Details

Scripture References