δειγματίζω

I hold up as an example

Definition

δειγματίζω means to make a public example of someone, often through humiliation or exposure. In its single New Testament occurrence, it carries the sense of a public spectacle of victory, specifically describing how Christ disarmed the spiritual powers and made a public display of them (Colossians 2:15). In broader Greek literature, the term could refer to exposing someone to shame or holding them up as a warning to others. All senses involve a public, demonstrative act intended to convey a message to onlookers.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only once in the New Testament, in Colossians 2:15. The context is Christ's victory on the cross, where he 'disarmed the rulers and authorities and made a public example of them, triumphing over them in it.' Here, the usage is metaphorical and triumphant, depicting spiritual powers being paraded as defeated captives in a Roman-style victory procession.

Etymology

Derived from the noun δείγμα (deigma), meaning 'sample,' 'specimen,' or 'example.' The verb form δειγματίζω thus means 'to make an example of,' 'to exhibit,' or 'to expose.' It shares a root with verbs of showing or pointing out, emphasizing a public demonstration.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it vividly portrays Christ's complete victory over hostile spiritual powers. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Colossians 2:15 by conveying the image of a triumphant Roman general publicly parading his defeated enemies. It underscores the cosmic scope of Christ's work on the cross—not just forgiving sins but decisively conquering the forces of evil and putting them to open shame, assuring believers of their security in Him.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of δειγματίζω would evoke the practice of a military triumph, where a victorious general would publicly parade captured enemies and spoils of war through the streets. This public spectacle served to humiliate the defeated and glorify the victor. The term could also be used for the public exposure of criminals as a deterrent. This cultural background is essential for understanding the powerful, victorious imagery Paul employs in Colossians 2:15.

παραδειγματίζω (paradeigmatizō, G3856) — to set forth as an example, often with a connotation of public shaming or punishment (used in Matthew 1:19). ὑποδείκνυμι (hypodeiknymi, G5263) — to show by example, demonstrate, or instruct (e.g., Acts 20:35).

Word Details

Scripture References