דֶּלֶף
a dripping
Definition
The Hebrew noun דֶּלֶף (deleph) refers to a persistent, annoying drip or leaking, often of water. It describes a slow, steady dripping that is difficult to stop and becomes a source of irritation. In its two biblical occurrences, it is used metaphorically to depict something or someone that is a constant, wearisome nuisance. In Proverbs 19:13, it is a quarrelsome wife, and in Proverbs 27:15, it is a contentious woman, both compared to a relentless leak in a house.
Biblical Usage
This word is used exclusively in the book of Proverbs, appearing only twice. In both instances (Proverbs 19:13 and Proverbs 27:15), it is employed in a vivid simile to describe a contentious or quarrelsome woman. The pattern is consistent: the word paints a picture of a minor but incessant annoyance that, over time, becomes unbearable and damaging to the household environment.
Etymology
Derived from the root verb דָּלַף (dalaph, H1811), which means 'to drip, to leak.' The noun form דֶּלֶף specifically denotes the result or product of that action—the drip itself. Cognates in other Semitic languages carry similar meanings related to dripping or flowing slowly.
Semantic Range
This word is theologically significant for its contribution to biblical wisdom literature's understanding of relationships and domestic harmony. It underscores the profound impact that persistent negative behavior, even if it seems small, can have on a home's spiritual and emotional peace. Understanding this Hebrew metaphor enriches reading by highlighting the value the Bible places on peace, self-control, and the corrosive power of unchecked strife within the covenant community.
In an ancient Near Eastern context where homes were often simple structures, a persistent leak in the roof was a serious and frustrating problem. It could damage possessions, create uncomfortable living conditions, and be difficult to repair. This makes the metaphor powerfully relatable to the original audience—a quarrelsome person is as unwelcome and destructive as a leak that ruins the shelter of the home.
מַטָּר (matar, H4306) — Distinction: This is the common word for 'rain,' a general and often positive phenomenon, whereas דֶּלֶף is a specific, negative, and unwanted dripping. נָזַל (nazal, H5140) — Distinction: A verb meaning 'to flow, stream, or trickle,' which can be neutral or positive (e.g., flowing water, honey), while דֶּלֶף implies a faulty, irritating trickle.
Word Details
How this works
Hebrew definitions are from Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906) and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (1890), both public domain. BDB was groundbreaking for its era but reflects 19th-century assumptions about Semitic etymology. Modern scholarship (HALOT, DCH) has revised many entries. Use these definitions as a starting point for exploration, not as the final word on a term's meaning in context.
Full methodology & sources →