δεξιός

on the right hand, right hand, right

Definition

The Greek adjective δεξιός (dexios) primarily means 'on the right hand' or 'right.' In the New Testament, it is used both literally for physical direction, as in the right hand or side (e.g., Matthew 5:29-30), and metaphorically to signify a place of honor, power, or favor. A key metaphorical usage is found in passages describing Jesus' exaltation to the right hand of God, denoting supreme authority and shared glory (e.g., Matthew 22:44, quoting Psalm 110:1). In other contexts, such as the separation of sheep and goats, the 'right hand' symbolizes a position of acceptance and blessing (Matthew 25:33).

Biblical Usage

δεξιός appears 53 times across the New Testament, with significant concentration in the Gospels (especially Matthew) and Acts. It is used literally for bodily parts or physical placement (Matthew 5:29-30, 6:3) and in idiomatic expressions like 'turn the other cheek' (Matthew 5:39). The most theologically significant pattern is its application to Jesus' session at God's right hand, a theme repeated in the Gospels, Acts, and the Epistles (e.g., Matthew 22:44, Acts 2:33-34, Romans 8:34), emphasizing his authority and intercessory role.

Etymology

Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱs-, meaning 'right' or 'south,' δεξιός is related to the Latin 'dexter.' In ancient Greek thought, the right side was culturally associated with skill, favor, and good omens, which influenced its biblical usage to denote blessing and power, as opposed to the left (ἀριστερός, aristeros, G710), often linked with weakness or ill omen.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it directly informs the doctrine of Christ's exaltation. To be seated at the 'right hand' of God (as in Matthew 22:44) is not a mere spatial description but a profound claim of Jesus' divine authority, victory, and role as mediator. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting how New Testament authors used a common cultural concept to convey Jesus' unique status, fulfilling Old Testament prophecy (Psalm 110:1) and affirming his reign over all creation.

In the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern world, the right hand was universally symbolic of strength, honor, covenant fidelity, and preferential blessing. Giving the right hand signified agreement or partnership, and the right side was the place of honor beside a ruler. This contrasts with modern, more neutral associations with direction. The biblical usage fully embraces this cultural symbolism, where the 'right hand' conveys divine power, salvation (e.g., God's right hand in the Exodus), and favored status.

ἀριστερός (aristeros, G710) — means 'left hand' or 'left,' often used in contrast to δεξιός, sometimes with negative connotations (e.g., Matthew 25:33, 41).

Word Details

Scripture References