διακωλύω

I obstinately prevent, hinder

Definition

The verb διακωλύω means to hinder, prevent, or forbid someone from doing something, often with a sense of determined or persistent opposition. It carries the nuance of actively and obstinately standing in the way of an action or event. In its sole New Testament occurrence, it describes John the Baptist's initial, forceful attempt to prevent Jesus from being baptized (Matthew 3:14). The word implies a strong, personal resistance based on a perceived inappropriateness or a deep sense of unworthiness.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 3:14. In this context, John the Baptist uses it to express his strong objection to baptizing Jesus, whom he recognizes as superior. The usage highlights a personal, relational hindrance based on reverence and humility, rather than a general or impersonal obstruction.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly,' combined with the verb κωλύω (kōlyō, G2967), which means 'to hinder,' 'forbid,' or 'prevent.' The prefix διά intensifies the action, giving διακωλύω the sense of 'to hinder thoroughly' or 'to obstinately prevent.' It is a strengthened form of its root, emphasizing persistent and determined opposition.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures a pivotal moment of human recognition of divine authority. John's attempt to 'hinder' Jesus underscores the profound mystery of the incarnation and Jesus' submission to fulfill all righteousness. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Matthew 3:14-15 by highlighting the intensity of John's protest and the deliberate nature of Jesus' counter-response, which inaugurates his public ministry in alignment with God's plan.

In the cultural context of first-century Judaism, ritual washing and baptism carried strong connotations of repentance and purification for sin. John's forceful hindrance stemmed from his understanding that Jesus, as the sinless Messiah, had no need for a baptism of repentance. His action reflects a deep cultural and religious reverence for the one he identified as 'the Lamb of God.'

κωλύω (kōlyō, G2967) — the root verb meaning simply to hinder or forbid, without the intensive prefix. ἐγκόπτω (egkoptō, G1465) — to cut into, impede, or hinder progress, often used of hindering a journey or mission.

Word Details

Scripture References