διάστημα

an interval of time

Definition

The Greek word διάστημα (diastēma) primarily refers to an interval or space, most commonly understood as an interval of time. In its single New Testament occurrence in Acts 5:7, it denotes a specific, measured period—the three-hour gap between the deaths of Ananias and Sapphira. While its biblical usage is temporal, the word's broader semantic range in ancient Greek literature could also encompass a spatial interval or distance, indicating a gap between two points. This dual potential for temporal and spatial meaning is consistent with its root components.

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, διάστημα is used only once, in Acts 5:7. It describes the specific 'interval of about three hours' that passed after the death of Ananias before his wife Sapphira arrived, unaware of the judgment that had occurred. This singular usage is strictly temporal and serves a crucial narrative function, creating suspense and highlighting the deliberate, measured nature of God's disciplinary action within the early church community.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across,' combined with the root from the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set.' Thus, διάστημα literally means 'a standing through' or 'a space set between,' conceptually pointing to a gap or interval that separates two points, whether in time or space. This construction clearly conveys the idea of separation or extension.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, διάστημα carries theological weight in its narrative context. In Acts 5:1-11, the interval is not random but part of God's sovereign and patient governance of the early church. The deliberate gap allows for Sapphira's independent arrival and testimony, underscoring the seriousness of lying to the Holy Spirit and the purity God requires within the covenant community. It illustrates that God's judgment, while severe, is measured and allows for individual accountability.

In the Greco-Roman world, precise timekeeping was less about clocks and more about observed periods (e.g., watches of the night, hours). An 'interval of about three hours' (Acts 5:7) would have been a significant, noticeable span, likely marking the time between major divisions of the day. This temporal framing adds gravity to the event, showing it was not an immediate, impulsive act but a divinely orchestrated sequence with a clear pause for reflection and consequence.

χρόνος (chronos, G5550) — a general term for time or a period of time, less specific than an 'interval.' καιρός (kairos, G2540) — a decisive, appointed time or season, often with a qualitative sense. διάστημα specifies the gap itself.

Word Details

Scripture References