διστάζω

I waver, doubt

Definition

The verb διστάζω means to doubt, waver, or hesitate, particularly in the context of faith or conviction. In Matthew 14:31, Jesus uses it to describe Peter's momentary lack of faith as he begins to sink while walking on water, highlighting a wavering trust in the midst of a miracle. In Matthew 28:17, it describes the reaction of some disciples upon seeing the resurrected Jesus, indicating a hesitation or uncertainty in believing the reality of the resurrection. In both instances, the doubt is not a mere intellectual question but a failure of confidence that leads to inaction or spiritual instability.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the Gospel of Matthew. It consistently describes a failure of faith or conviction in a direct encounter with Jesus's divine power—first during a miracle (walking on water) and then in response to his resurrection. The usage pattern shows it applies to those who have witnessed Jesus's works yet still experience inner conflict or uncertainty.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek prefix δίς (dis), meaning 'twice' or 'double,' and possibly related to the idea of standing in two minds or being divided in thought. It conveys the sense of hesitation or being of two opinions, which aligns with its biblical usage of wavering faith.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it directly addresses the nature of doubt within a faith context. It illustrates that doubt in the Bible is often not about the absence of belief but a conflict between belief and circumstance, especially when facing the supernatural. Understanding διστάζω enriches reading by showing that the biblical response to such doubt is Jesus's corrective call to greater faith (Matthew 14:31) and his commissioning authority despite lingering uncertainties (Matthew 28:18-20).

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, doubt or hesitation could be viewed as a weakness in character or judgment. In the Jewish context of the Gospels, wavering in faith, especially after witnessing God's power, would be seen as a failure to trust in Yahweh's promises and actions. The word captures a very human, relatable struggle between experience and belief.

ἀπορέω (aporeō, G639) — to be at a loss, perplexed; more about being uncertain how to proceed. διακρίνω (diakrinō, G1252) — to judge or dispute; can mean to doubt in the sense of making a distinction or hesitation in decision.

Word Details

Scripture References