δοχή

a reception, party

Definition

Δοχή (dochē) refers to a reception, feast, or banquet. In the New Testament, it specifically denotes a formal meal held in honor of a guest, often involving hospitality and celebration. In Luke 5:29, it describes the 'great feast' Levi (Matthew) hosted for Jesus and his disciples, signifying a celebratory gathering. In Luke 14:13, Jesus instructs his followers to invite the poor to their 'feast' (δοχή), emphasizing a context of hospitality and social inclusion rather than mere private dining.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both in the Gospel of Luke. It appears in contexts of intentional hospitality and social gatherings. In Luke 5:29, it is a celebratory meal following a call to discipleship. In Luke 14:13, it is used in Jesus' teaching about inviting the marginalized to such events, highlighting the ethical dimension of hospitality.

Etymology

Derived from the verb δέχομαι (dechomai, G1209), meaning 'to receive' or 'to welcome.' Δοχή is a noun form that literally means 'a receiving' or 'a reception,' emphasizing the act of welcoming guests. This root connection underscores the word's focus on hospitality and the social act of receiving others.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects to themes of hospitality, community, and kingdom ethics. Jesus uses the concept in Luke 14 to subvert social norms, teaching that God's kingdom feasts include the outcast and poor. Understanding δοχή enriches reading by highlighting that biblical feasts are not just meals but acts of divine welcome and inclusion, reflecting God's gracious invitation.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, a δοχή was more than a casual meal; it was a formal social event that reinforced patronage, friendship, and status. Invitations were carefully managed to honor guests and reciprocate favors. Jesus' instruction in Luke 14:13 to invite the 'poor, crippled, lame, and blind' directly challenged this system, advocating for a hospitality that mirrors God's grace rather than social calculation.

δεῖπνον (deipnon, G1173) — a general term for a main meal or supper, often used for the Last Supper; συμπόσιον (symposion, G4849) — a drinking party or banquet that follows a meal, focusing on entertainment and discussion.

Word Details

Scripture References