δώρημα

a gift, bounty

Definition

δώρημα refers to a gift, specifically a free and generous bestowal. In the New Testament, it consistently denotes a gift given by God. In Romans 5:16, Paul uses it to describe the 'gift' of justification that comes through Jesus Christ, contrasting it with the condemnation resulting from Adam's trespass. In James 1:17, it describes every 'perfect gift' that comes down from the Father of lights, emphasizing the divine origin and benevolent nature of God's provisions.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times to describe gifts from God. In Romans 5:16, it is used in a dense theological argument about grace, sin, and justification. In James 1:17, it appears in a practical exhortation about the goodness and unchanging nature of God as the source of all good things. The pattern is exclusively theological, focusing on divine generosity.

Etymology

Derived from the verb δίδωμι (didōmi, G1325), meaning 'to give.' The suffix -μα (-ma) indicates the result of the action, so δώρημα literally means 'that which is given' or 'a thing given.' It is a cognate of the more common word δῶρον (dōron, G1435), also meaning 'gift,' but δώρημα can carry a stronger sense of a free, gracious bestowal.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the nature of God's grace. In Romans 5:16, it is central to the doctrine of justification, framing salvation not as earned but as a divine gift received through faith. In James 1:17, it underscores God's character as the generous and reliable source of every good thing, reinforcing themes of divine benevolence and providence. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing the freeness and intentionality of God's giving.

In the Greco-Roman world, gifts (δῶρα) were often part of a reciprocal system of social obligation and patronage. The New Testament's use of δώρημα, particularly for God's gifts, subverts this expectation by presenting a gift given purely out of grace, with no expectation of return or obligation from the recipient. This divine gift-giving operates outside the normal cultural economy.

δῶρον (dōron, G1435) — A more general term for a gift or present, often used for offerings. χάρισμα (charisma, G5486) — A gift of grace, emphasizing the gracious nature of the giver; typically a spiritual endowment.

Word Details

Scripture References