Δορκάς

Dorcas

Definition

Δορκάς (Dorcas) is the Greek name for a woman named Tabitha, a disciple in the early church known for her good works and acts of charity. The name itself means 'gazelle,' an animal noted in the ancient world for its grace and beauty. In the New Testament, Dorcas is specifically remembered for being 'full of good works and acts of charity' (Acts 9:36), most notably making tunics and other garments for widows. Her story is central to the narrative in Acts 9:36-42, where the apostle Peter raises her from the dead, demonstrating the power of God at work in the apostolic church.

Biblical Usage

The word Δορκάς is used exclusively in the Book of Acts, occurring only twice (Acts 9:36, 9:39). It is used as a proper name for a specific, beloved female disciple in the port city of Joppa. Its usage highlights her personal identity within the Greek-speaking community, while the Aramaic name 'Tabitha' is also given for the Semitic-speaking context. The narrative usage centers entirely on her character, her death, and her miraculous restoration to life.

Etymology

Δορκάς (dorkas) is a common Greek noun meaning 'gazelle.' It is derived from the root *derk-*, relating to sight or glancing, likely referring to the animal's large, bright eyes. As a personal name, it was used metaphorically, suggesting grace, beauty, or swiftness. The name was adopted into Aramaic as 'Tabitha' (Ταβιθά, G5000), which carries the same meaning.

Semantic Range

The story of Dorcas is theologically significant as it illustrates the tangible, compassionate ministry of the early church, especially toward vulnerable widows (James 1:27). Her restoration by Peter confirms the continuation of Jesus's resurrection power through his apostles and serves as a catalyst for many in Joppa to believe in the Lord (Acts 9:42). Understanding that her name means 'gazelle' enriches the reading by adding a layer of cultural honor, suggesting she was known for her graceful, devoted service.

In the Greco-Roman world, naming a child after an animal like a gazelle was a positive convention, implying desirable qualities such as grace, gentleness, and beauty. The detailed account of her sewing for widows underscores the vital role of textile work and charity as respected expressions of female piety and community support in the first century. Her dual name (Dorcas/Tabitha) reflects the bilingual and bicultural environment of the early church.

Tabitha (Tabitha, G5000) — The Aramaic equivalent of Δορκάς, used interchangeably in Acts 9:36-40.

Word Details

Scripture References