δυνατέω

I am powerful, able

Definition

The verb δυνατέω means 'to be powerful, able, or capable.' It expresses the inherent capacity or authority to accomplish something, often implying strength or effectiveness. In its only New Testament occurrence, it specifically refers to Christ's power being demonstrated among believers (2 Corinthians 13:3). While the related adjective δυνατός (dynatos, G1415) is more common, this verb form emphasizes the active state or exercise of power. The concept overlaps with the more frequent verb δύναμαι (dynamai, G1410), 'to be able,' but δυνατέω can carry a stronger nuance of being mighty or potent.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 2 Corinthians 13:3. Here, Paul confronts those in Corinth seeking proof of Christ speaking through him, stating, 'since you seek proof that Christ is speaking in me. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful (δυνατεῖ) among you.' The context is Paul's defense of his apostolic authority, asserting that the power of the risen Christ is actively at work in his ministry, even if his personal presence seems unimpressive. The usage is directly theological, linking Christ's inherent power to its manifestation within the church community.

Etymology

Derived from the adjective δυνατός (dynatos, G1415), meaning 'powerful, able, possible.' This adjective itself comes from the root δύναμις (dynamis, G1411), meaning 'power, might, miracle,' a central word for power in the New Testament. The verb form δυνατέω essentially means 'to be δυνατός'—to be in a state of power or ability. Its formation follows a common Greek pattern where an adjective is turned into a verb to describe possessing that quality.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word is theologically significant as it directly attributes active, operative power to the person of Jesus Christ. In 2 Corinthians 13:3, it counters the Corinthian fascination with impressive speech and personal presence by pointing to the true source of apostolic authority: the powerful, living Christ working through his servants. It enriches the reading of Paul's 'weakness' passages by showing that divine power (δύναμις) is not abstract but personally embodied and active in Christ. This reinforces the New Testament theme that Christian ministry derives its efficacy from Christ's power, not human ability.

In the Greco-Roman world, power (δύναμις) was a valued concept, often associated with political authority, military strength, rhetorical skill, or philosophical influence. For Paul to claim that Christ 'is powerful' (δυνατεῖ) among the Corinthians would challenge these conventional markers. It redefines true power not as domineering force or eloquent persuasion, but as the transformative, often paradoxical power of the cross and resurrection at work in a believing community. This spiritual power could be perceived as weakness by worldly standards but was demonstrated through changed lives and spiritual authority.

δύναμαι (dynamai, G1410) — a more common verb meaning 'to be able, can,' focusing on capability or possibility. δυνατός (dynatos, G1415) — the adjective meaning 'powerful, able, possible,' describing the quality rather than the state of action. ἰσχύω (ischyō, G2480) — emphasizes physical strength, might, or being strong. ἐξουσιάζω (exousiazō, G1850) — focuses on exercising authority or right, often in a legal or governing sense.

Word Details

Scripture References