ἐάω

I allow, permit, leave

Definition

The verb ἐάω means 'to allow,' 'to permit,' or 'to leave alone.' It often describes a deliberate choice not to intervene or hinder. In some contexts, it carries the sense of letting something take its course, as when the Sanhedrin decides to leave the apostles alone (Acts 5:38). In other instances, it refers to permitting an action, such as Jesus not allowing demons to speak (Luke 4:41) or Paul and his companions being prevented by the Spirit from preaching in Asia (Acts 16:7). It can also mean to leave someone physically untouched, as when Jesus heals the servant's ear and tells the arresting party to 'let them [the disciples] go' (Luke 22:51).

Biblical Usage

ἐάω is used 13 times in the New Testament, primarily in the Gospels of Luke and the book of Acts. Its usage consistently revolves around the concepts of permission, restraint, or non-interference by an authority. In narrative contexts, it often highlights divine or human decisions to either allow or forbid an action. For example, in Acts, it is used for both human councils (Acts 5:38; 14:16) and the Holy Spirit's guidance (Acts 16:7; 19:30). The passive voice in Acts 16:7 ('they were not allowed') emphasizes divine agency in directing missionary activity.

Etymology

Derived from the primitive Greek verb ἐάω, its fundamental sense is 'to let be' or 'to leave.' It is related to the concept of yielding or giving way. Cognates and related forms are not extensively documented in Koine Greek outside the New Testament, but the root conveys a basic idea of permission or tolerance that remained consistent in its usage.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it frequently highlights the theme of divine permission and sovereignty. In passages like Acts 14:16 and 16:7, it underscores God's active governance over human history and missionary endeavors, allowing or restraining events according to His purpose. Understanding ἐάω enriches reading by revealing moments where God, or those acting under His authority, consciously chooses to permit or prevent actions, emphasizing a world under providential control rather than one of mere chance.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of 'allowing' or 'permitting' was deeply tied to structures of authority and social order. A superior (a master, official, or deity) would grant or withhold permission. The New Testament usage aligns with this, often showing religious or Roman authorities (e.g., the Sanhedrin in Acts 5:38, a centurion in Acts 23:32) making deliberate decisions to allow or forbid actions, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the culture.

ἀφίημι (aphiēmi, G863) — often 'to send away, forgive, or leave'; implies a more active release or dismissal. συγχωρέω (synchōreō, G4783) — 'to agree with, concede'; focuses more on consent or yielding in agreement. ἐπιτρέπω (epitrepō, G2010) — 'to turn over to, permit'; often used for formal permission or commissioning.

Word Details

Scripture References