ἐγγίζω

I come near, approach

Definition

The verb ἐγγίζω means 'to come near' or 'to approach,' and it is used both literally and figuratively in the New Testament. Literally, it describes physical proximity, such as Jesus and his disciples approaching Jerusalem (Matthew 21:1). Figuratively, it often signifies the nearness of God's kingdom or salvation, as in the proclamation 'the kingdom of heaven has come near' (Matthew 3:2, 4:17, 10:7). It can also describe drawing near to God in a spiritual sense, as seen in James 4:8, which encourages believers to 'come near to God.'

Biblical Usage

ἐγγίζω appears 42 times, predominantly in the Gospels and Acts, with a strong emphasis on the imminent arrival of God's kingdom. In Matthew, Mark, and Luke, it is a key term in the preaching of John the Baptist and Jesus (e.g., Matthew 3:2, Mark 1:15, Luke 10:9). It is also used for physical approach in narratives (e.g., Matthew 26:46) and for the nearness of significant events like the Passover (John 2:13) or the time of Jesus' betrayal (Matthew 26:45). In the Epistles, it describes drawing near to God (Hebrews 7:19, James 4:8).

Etymology

Derived from the adjective ἐγγύς (eggys, G1451), meaning 'near,' ἐγγίζω literally means 'to make near' or 'to come near.' It is a common Greek verb that conveys both spatial and temporal proximity. Its root emphasizes closeness, and it is used in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) to translate Hebrew terms for drawing near, often in cultic or relational contexts.

Semantic Range

ἐγγίζω is theologically significant as it announces the inbreaking of God's kingdom in Jesus' ministry, marking a pivotal shift in salvation history. It underscores the accessibility of God through Christ, inviting repentance and relationship (James 4:8, Hebrews 10:22). Understanding this Greek term enriches Bible reading by highlighting the urgency and immediacy of God's action—His kingdom is not just a future hope but a present reality drawing near.

In Jewish and Greco-Roman culture, 'drawing near' often had religious connotations, such as approaching a deity in worship or a king in petition. The New Testament usage taps into this, especially with the kingdom proclamation, which would resonate with Jewish expectations of God's coming reign. The term's use in the Septuagint for priestly approach to God (e.g., Exodus 19:22) also informs its spiritual application in the New Testament.

προσέρχομαι (proserchomai, G4334) — often implies coming to someone with intent, like approaching Jesus for healing or teaching; ἐγγύς (eggys, G1451) — the adjective 'near,' describing a state of proximity rather than the action of approaching.

Word Details

Scripture References