εἰλικρίνεια

clearness, sincerity, purity

Definition

Eἰλικρίνεια denotes a state of being pure, clear, or sincere, free from any hidden motives or impurities. In the New Testament, it primarily describes moral and spiritual purity, especially in the context of one's motives and character before God and others. In 1 Corinthians 5:8, it is contrasted with 'malice and wickedness,' urging believers to live in sincerity and truth. In 2 Corinthians 1:12 and 2:17, it characterizes Paul's conduct and ministry as being marked by godly sincerity, not by worldly wisdom or peddling the word of God for profit.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively by the Apostle Paul in his Corinthian correspondence, always to defend and describe the integrity of Christian conduct and ministry. In 1 Corinthians 5:8, it is used in an ethical exhortation for communal purity during the Feast of Unleavened Bread. In 2 Corinthians 1:12, it describes Paul's conscience and conduct in the world, and in 2 Corinthians 2:17, it qualifies his motivation in preaching the gospel as pure, in contrast to those who corrupt it.

Etymology

The noun εἰλικρίνεια is derived from εἵλη (heilē, 'sunlight' or 'heat of the sun') and κρίνω (krinō, 'to judge'). A common ancient interpretation suggests it originally meant 'tested by sunlight,' implying something judged as pure or unadulterated when held up to clear light. This imagery evolved to signify moral and motivational purity that can withstand scrutiny.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it touches on the integrity of the Christian life and ministry. It emphasizes that true faith must be expressed with pure motives and a clear conscience before God, not merely external conformity. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the biblical call for internal authenticity and transparency in our relationship with God and service to others, a counter-cultural value in both ancient and modern contexts.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of sincerity was valued in philosophical and ethical discourse. The etymology tied to 'sunlight testing' reflects a cultural appreciation for things that are genuine and unmixed. For Christians, this purity was redefined not by philosophical ideals but by the holiness of God and the work of the Spirit, setting a higher standard for internal truthfulness.

ἁγνότης (hagnotēs, G54) — focuses more on ceremonial or moral purity, holiness. ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia, G861) — emphasizes incorruptibility, immortality. ἁπλότης (haplotēs, G572) — denotes simplicity, generosity, single-mindedness.

Word Details

Scripture References