ἐκλείπω

I fail utterly, cease, die

Definition

The verb ἐκλείπω fundamentally means to fail, cease, or come to an end. It can describe the literal failure or exhaustion of something, such as the failing of one's heart (Luke 21:26, though not the specific word used there, conceptually similar). In its three New Testament uses, it carries nuanced meanings: in Luke 16:9, it refers to wealth 'failing' or running out. In Luke 22:32, Jesus tells Peter that his faith will not 'fail' or utterly collapse. In Hebrews 1:12, it describes the heavens and earth wearing out and perishing, a powerful image of cessation.

Biblical Usage

ἐκλείπω is used only three times in the New Testament, all in distinct contexts that illustrate its range. In Luke 16:9, it describes the inevitable failure of worldly wealth. In Luke 22:32, it is used metaphorically for the potential failure of Peter's faith under trial. Finally, in Hebrews 1:12 (quoting Psalm 102:26 LXX), it is applied cosmically to the eventual wearing out and cessation of the created order, contrasting with God's eternal nature.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'from') and the verb λείπω (leipō, meaning 'to leave' or 'to be lacking'). The compound thus carries the sense of 'leaving out,' 'failing from within,' or 'coming to an end by depletion.' Its root connects to ideas of abandonment and deficiency.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the transient nature of creation and human resources in contrast to God's permanence. In Luke 22:32, it underscores Christ's intercessory role in preserving faith. In Hebrews 1:12, it is pivotal in contrasting the perishable creation with the immutable Creator, reinforcing the doctrine of God's eternity and the temporary nature of the present heavens and earth.

In a culture where material security and social standing were often tied to wealth, the idea of wealth 'failing' (Luke 16:9) would have been a potent warning. The concept of something 'wearing out' like a garment (Hebrews 1:12) was a common metaphor for impermanence, making the contrast with divine eternality starkly clear to the original audience.

παύω (pauō, G3973) — to stop or cease, often a more general or voluntary cessation. ἀποθνῄσκω (apothnēskō, G599) — to die, specifically biological death, whereas ἐκλείπω can be metaphorical. ἐπιλείπω (epileipō, G1952) — to fail or be lacking, a close synonym with a similar sense of deficiency.

Word Details

Scripture References