ἐκμυκτηρίζω

I deride, scoff at, mock greatly

Definition

The verb ἐκμυκτηρίζω means to mock, deride, or scoff at someone with open contempt, often involving scornful facial expressions like sneering or turning up one's nose. It conveys a strong sense of public ridicule and disdain. In Luke 16:14, the Pharisees, who were lovers of money, 'scoffed at' Jesus upon hearing his teaching about wealth, indicating their arrogant rejection of his message. In Luke 23:35, the rulers 'sneered at' Jesus on the cross, joining the crowds in mocking him as the supposed 'Christ of God, the Chosen One,' highlighting their utter contempt during his crucifixion.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the Gospel of Luke. It appears in contexts where groups in positions of religious or social authority express contempt for Jesus. In Luke 16:14, the Pharisees, who are portrayed as hypocritical, scoff at Jesus' teaching. In Luke 23:35, the Jewish rulers mock Jesus during his crucifixion. The pattern shows it is used for the scornful rejection of Jesus by those who should have recognized him.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'thoroughly') combined with the verb μυκτηρίζω (myktērizō), which means 'to turn up the nose' or 'sneer at.' The root μυκτήρ (myktēr) means 'nose.' Thus, the compound verb intensifies the base meaning to signify a thorough, outward expression of mockery, often visible in one's countenance.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the intense rejection and contempt faced by Jesus, especially from religious leaders. It underscores the fulfillment of prophecy, such as in Psalm 22:7, where the suffering righteous one is mocked. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the depth of scorn Jesus endured, emphasizing his humility and the seriousness of rejecting God's Messiah.

In the ancient Greco-Roman and Jewish world, mocking through facial gestures like sneering was a recognized form of public shaming and contempt. It signified not just disagreement but a deliberate, demeaning rejection of a person's dignity and claims. This cultural understanding amplifies the gravity of the scenes in Luke, where Jesus is subjected to such humiliation by the very leaders entrusted with spiritual guidance.

ἐμπαίζω (empaizō, G1702) — to mock or treat with contempt, often in a more general sense, sometimes involving playful ridicule. μυκτηρίζω (myktērizō, G3456) — the root verb, meaning to sneer or turn up the nose, without the intensive prefix ἐκ.

Word Details

Scripture References