ἐμβριμάομαι

I snort, express indignant displeasure

Definition

The verb ἐμβριμάομαι (embrimaomai) conveys a strong emotional response, often translated as 'to snort with anger' or 'to be deeply moved with indignation.' It describes an intense, sometimes inward, agitation that can manifest as stern rebuke, as when Jesus sternly charged those he healed not to tell anyone (Matthew 9:30, Mark 1:43). In other contexts, it expresses profound inner distress or outrage, such as the disciples' indignation at the perceived waste of perfume (Mark 14:5). Most notably, it is used twice to describe Jesus' deep emotional turmoil at the tomb of Lazarus, a complex mix of anger, grief, and resolve (John 11:33, 38).

Biblical Usage

This word is used five times in the New Testament, exclusively in the Gospels. It appears in narratives where Jesus or his disciples react with strong emotion. In three instances, it describes a stern, authoritative command (Matthew 9:30; Mark 1:43; implied in Mark 14:5). In the two occurrences in John 11, it depicts Jesus' visceral reaction to death and mourning, showing a depth of emotion beyond simple sadness. The usage pattern shows it is reserved for moments of significant tension or profound personal feeling.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the verb βριμάομαι (brimaomai, 'to be furious' or 'to snort,' like a horse). The compound form intensifies the meaning to 'snort within' or 'be deeply moved with anger/indignation.' Its root conveys the physical imagery of snorting, associated with animal fury or strong human emotion.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it reveals the humanity and emotional depth of Jesus. His 'snorting' indignation at the tomb of Lazarus (John 11:33, 38) is not merely grief but a holy anger at the tyranny of death and the corruption of sin, foreshadowing his own victory over the grave. It challenges simplistic views of Jesus as always placid, showing him as passionately engaged against the brokenness of the world. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the intensity and complexity of Christ's compassion and authority.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, strong displays of emotion, especially by men, were not always seen as weakness but could indicate deep conviction or righteous indignation. The word's connection to animal snorting would have vividly communicated an almost uncontrollable, visceral reaction. This differs from some modern expectations of divine composure, helping readers grasp the raw, authentic humanity expressed in the biblical narrative.

ὀργίζομαι (orgizomai, G3710) — a more general term for becoming angry. ἐμβριμάομαι implies a stronger, more inward and visceral agitation, often with a sense of stern warning or deep distress. ἀγανακτέω (aganakteō, G23) — to be indignant or vexed, often at a perceived injustice; less intense and physical than ἐμβριμάομαι.

Word Details

Scripture References