ἔνδειξις

a showing, proof, demonstration, sign

Definition

The noun ἔνδειξις means a 'demonstration,' 'proof,' or 'clear showing' of something. In its four New Testament uses, it consistently refers to a public display that serves as evidence or a sign. In Romans 3:25-26, it specifically denotes the 'demonstration' of God's righteousness in the atoning sacrifice of Christ. In 2 Corinthians 8:24, it refers to the 'proof' or 'evidence' of the Corinthians' love, and in Philippians 1:28, it describes the 'sign' or 'clear indication' of the opponents' destruction and the believers' salvation.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively by the Apostle Paul. It appears in theological argumentation (Romans), practical church encouragement (2 Corinthians), and pastoral exhortation (Philippians). In Romans 3:25-26, it is used twice in a dense theological context to explain God's purpose in Christ's sacrifice. In 2 Corinthians 8:24, it is used in the context of a financial collection as a proof of love. In Philippians 1:28, it describes the observable evidence of spiritual realities in the face of opposition.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the root of the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi, 'to show, point out'). The related noun δείξις (deixis) means 'a pointing out' or 'display.' Thus, ἔνδειξις carries the sense of a 'showing forth' or 'demonstration within' a context, making something evident.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant, especially in Romans 3:25-26. It underscores that Christ's death was not merely for forgiveness but was a public, historical 'demonstration' (ἔνδειξις) of God's justice and righteousness. It shows God simultaneously justifying sinners and upholding His own righteous character. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the declarative and revelatory nature of the cross.

In the Greco-Roman world, an ἔνδειξις was a public proof or manifestation, often with legal or rhetorical overtones. It implied an objective, observable fact meant to persuade or provide conclusive evidence. This differs from a modern, private 'feeling' of proof; it was an event or action meant to be seen and acknowledged by others.

δείγμα (deigma, G1734) — a sample or specimen, often concrete. ἀπόδειξις (apodeixis, G585) — a fuller proof or demonstration, often logical or rhetorical.

Word Details

Scripture References