ἔνδυσις

a putting on of clothing

Definition

The noun ἔνδυσις (endysis) refers to the act of putting on clothing or garments. It denotes the process or state of being clothed, focusing on the action itself rather than the garment. In its single New Testament occurrence in 1 Peter 3:3, it is used metaphorically to contrast external adornment with internal character. The word carries a neutral sense of dressing but is applied by the biblical author to highlight a spiritual principle.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Peter 3:3. In this context, it appears in a negative instruction, advising Christian women that their adornment should not be the external 'putting on' (ἔνδυσις) of elaborate hairstyles, gold jewelry, or fine clothes. The usage is entirely metaphorical, applying a common term for dressing to the concept of spiritual priorities and identity.

Etymology

Derived from the verb ἐνδύω (endyō), meaning 'to put on, clothe oneself, or sink into.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the root related to δύω (dyō, 'to enter, sink'). The noun form emphasizes the action or result of the verb. Cognates include ἔνδυμα (endyma, G1742), which means 'garment' or 'clothing'—the object that is put on.

Semantic Range

Though a simple word for dressing, its use in 1 Peter 3:3 gives it theological weight. It becomes a vehicle for teaching on true Christian identity and value. The passage contrasts external ἔνδυσις with the 'hidden person of the heart' and its 'imperishable quality of a gentle and quiet spirit' (1 Peter 3:4). This teaches that a believer's primary 'clothing' or adornment should be internal godly character, which is precious to God. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the deliberate choice of a word about action (putting on) to critique misplaced focus on outward appearance.

In the 1st-century Greco-Roman world, elaborate hairstyles, gold jewelry, and expensive clothing were clear markers of social status and wealth, especially for women. Peter's instruction directly engages with this cultural practice, not to forbid adornment entirely, but to reorient the Christian community's values away from societal displays of status and toward the cultivation of inner virtue. The command assumes the cultural reality but calls for a counter-cultural priority.

ἔνδυμα (endyma, G1742) — Refers to the garment or clothing itself, the object put on, whereas ἔνδυσις is the act of putting it on. ἱμάτιον (himation, G2440) — A general term for an outer garment or cloak. στολή (stolē, G4749) — A long, formal robe, often implying dignity or honor.

Word Details

Scripture References