ἐνισχύω

I invigorate, strengthen

Definition

The Greek verb ἐνισχύω means to strengthen, invigorate, or make strong. It describes the act of imparting physical, spiritual, or emotional strength, often from an external or divine source. In Luke 22:43, an angel strengthens Jesus in Gethsemane, providing spiritual and emotional fortitude during his agony. In Acts 9:19, after his conversion and recovery, Saul (Paul) is physically strengthened with food, enabling him to join the disciples in Damascus.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the context of receiving strength after a period of extreme weakness or crisis. In Luke 22:43, it occurs in the narrative of Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane, where divine intervention provides strength. In Acts 9:19, it describes Saul's physical recuperation after his blinding vision and fasting. The pattern shows strength being restored to enable a critical next step in God's plan.

Etymology

Derived from ἐν (en, 'in') and ἰσχύω (ischyō, G2480, 'to be strong' or 'have power'). It literally means 'to be strong in' or 'to put strength into,' emphasizing an infusion or endowment of strength. It is a compound verb that intensifies the idea of becoming or making strong.

Semantic Range

This word highlights the biblical theme of divine empowerment in human weakness. In Luke 22:43, it underscores Jesus' full humanity and his reliance on the Father's strength during his passion, a key Christological point. In both passages, the strengthening is preparatory and empowering for ministry—Jesus for the cross, Paul for his apostolic mission. It reminds believers that God provides the necessary strength to fulfill his purposes, especially in times of trial.

In the ancient world, strength was often viewed holistically, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual vitality. The angelic strengthening of Jesus in Luke would have been understood as a profound spiritual and emotional sustenance, not merely physical. The recovery of strength through food (Acts 9:19) was a basic and vital necessity for survival and community participation.

κραταιόω (krataioō, G2901) — to strengthen, often with a focus on making firm or establishing; δυναμόω (dynamoō, G1412) — to empower, often with a focus on enabling or granting ability; ἰσχύω (ischyō, G2480) — to be strong, have power, the root verb focusing on inherent strength or capability.

Word Details

Scripture References