ἐπιδέχομαι

I accept, admit, welcome

Definition

The verb ἐπιδέχομαι means to accept, receive, or welcome someone or something, often with an added sense of approval or recognition. In the New Testament, it specifically denotes accepting someone's authority or hospitality. In 3 John 1:9, it refers to Diotrephes refusing to 'welcome' or 'accept' the apostolic authority of John and his associates. In 3 John 1:10, the word is used again to describe how Diotrephes not only refuses to welcome the brothers himself but also prevents others from doing so and expels those who do, highlighting a rejection of both fellowship and rightful leadership.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both occurrences in 3 John 1:9-10. It appears in the context of church conflict and authority, describing Diotrephes's refusal to accept and welcome fellow believers who are endorsed by the apostle John. The usage centers on the social and ecclesiastical act of receiving or rejecting individuals based on their alignment with apostolic teaching and fellowship.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'over') combined with the common verb δέχομαι (dechomai, meaning 'I receive' or 'I accept'). The prefix ἐπί can intensify the root meaning, suggesting a formal or official reception, or receiving something in addition. Thus, ἐπιδέχομαι often carries the nuance of receiving favorably or accepting with approval.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it touches on themes of church authority, fellowship, and the recognition of godly leadership. The conflict in 3 John illustrates the serious spiritual consequences of rejecting those who bear true apostolic teaching. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of 3 John by highlighting that the issue was not merely personal dislike but a deliberate refusal to acknowledge and submit to apostolic authority, which is a rejection of the truth itself.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, hospitality (philoxenia) was a crucial social and religious virtue. To 'receive' or 'welcome' someone, especially traveling teachers or missionaries, was an act of endorsement and support. Refusing such reception, as Diotrephes did, was a severe social and religious rebuke, effectively cutting off individuals from the community and its resources. His actions went beyond personal preference to a public denial of legitimacy.

δέχομαι (dechomai, G1209) — A more general term for receiving or accepting, without the stronger connotation of official approval. ἀποδέχομαι (apodechomai, G588) — To welcome gladly or receive favorably, often used for receiving people or words with approval (e.g., Acts 2:41). παραλαμβάνω (paralambanō, G3880) — To take or receive, often in the sense of taking someone along or receiving instruction (e.g., Matthew 1:20, 1 Corinthians 11:23).

Word Details

Scripture References