ἐξαιτέω

I demand of, ask for

Definition

The verb ἐξαιτέω means to ask for something earnestly or demand it from someone. It carries a sense of urgency and intensity, often implying a request made with authority or strong desire. In its single New Testament occurrence in Luke 22:31, it is used by Satan to 'demand' to sift the disciples like wheat, suggesting a hostile or adversarial request. While the core meaning is to ask or demand, the prefix ἐξ (out of) can intensify the action, sometimes implying a demand for something to be given up or surrendered.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only once in the New Testament, in Luke 22:31. Here, Satan 'demands' (ἐξῃτήσατο) to have the disciples to sift them. The context is adversarial, showing a request made with hostile intent against Jesus's followers. This singular usage highlights a demanding, confrontational plea rather than a simple or benign request.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐξ (ex), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' combined with the verb αἰτέω (aiteō, G154), meaning 'to ask' or 'request.' The compound form intensifies the basic idea of asking, often giving it a sense of demanding something out from someone's possession or control. It shares a root with other asking/requesting words in Greek.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the adversarial nature of spiritual conflict. In Luke 22:31, Satan's 'demand' to sift the disciples reveals the reality of spiritual opposition faced by believers and the intercessory role of Christ, who prays for Peter's faith. Understanding this intense, demanding request enriches the reading of this passage by highlighting the seriousness of the threat and the assurance of Jesus's protective prayer.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, the verb could be used in legal or formal contexts for making a demand or claim. The prefix ἐξ might imply a demand based on a perceived right or authority, which fits the narrative in Luke where Satan, as a spiritual accuser, makes a claim on the disciples. This differs from a simple petition and carries a weight of confrontation.

αἰτέω (aiteō, G154) — a more general term for asking or requesting, without the intensive or demanding connotation. ἐρωτάω (erōtaō, G2065) — often to ask a question or request, sometimes with a tone of inquiry or familiarity. δεόμαι (deomai, G1189) — to beg, pray, or implore, emphasizing need or want.

Word Details

Scripture References