ἐξαρτίζω

I completely furnish, equip, finish

Definition

The verb ἐξαρτίζω means to fully equip, furnish, or complete something. In its first sense, it refers to physically or spiritually outfitting someone with all necessary provisions, as seen when the disciples in Acts 21:5 'completed' or 'fully furnished' their time with Paul. In its second sense, it means to bring something to a full conclusion or end, emphasizing thoroughness. This is applied spiritually in 2 Timothy 3:17, where Scripture equips the believer 'for every good work,' indicating a process of complete preparation and training.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, but in two distinct contexts that illustrate its range. In Acts 21:5, it is used in a narrative, secular context of finishing a period of time ('When our days there were ended'). In 2 Timothy 3:17, it is used in a theological and pastoral context, describing the purpose of Scripture to fully equip the man of God. The usage shows a movement from a general completion to a specific, spiritual outfitting.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐξ (ex, meaning 'out of' or 'completely') combined with the verb ἀρτίζω (artizō, 'to prepare' or 'to fit'). The root relates to ἄρτιος (artios, G739, meaning 'complete, capable, perfect'). Thus, ἐξαρτίζω intensifies the idea to mean 'to fit out completely,' 'to finish thoroughly,' or 'to equip fully.'

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it describes the purpose and power of Scripture. In 2 Timothy 3:16-17, the inspiration of Scripture (θεόπνευστος, theopneustos) has the explicit goal that the believer may be 'thoroughly equipped' for life and ministry. This underscores the sufficiency of Scripture—it provides complete spiritual training and resources, leaving believers lacking nothing essential for godliness and good works. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the Bible's active role in shaping and preparing God's people.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of being fully equipped or furnished was important in various spheres: a ship being fitted for a voyage, a soldier being armed for battle, or a student being educated for a trade. Paul's use in 2 Timothy taps into this cultural understanding, portraying Scripture as the ultimate source of preparation for the challenges of life and faith, a comprehensive training manual for the Christian.

καταρτίζω (katartizō, G2675) — also means to mend, restore, or fully prepare, but often with a focus on repairing or perfecting something into its proper condition. τελειόω (teleioō, G5048) — emphasizes bringing to an end goal or state of maturity/completion, more focused on the end result than the process of outfitting.

Word Details

Scripture References