ἐξηγέομαι

I explain, make declaration

Definition

The verb ἐξηγέομαι means 'to explain, narrate, or declare in detail.' It carries the core sense of leading something out fully, whether that is a narrative, an explanation, or a report. In its biblical usage, it often describes the detailed recounting of events, as when the disciples on the road to Emmaus 'explained' what had happened (Luke 24:35). In a more profound sense, it is used for the ultimate revelation: Jesus, the only Son, who has 'made him known' or 'declared' the Father (John 1:18). In Acts, it is used for giving a formal report or account of events (Acts 10:8, 15:12, 14, 21:19).

Biblical Usage

This verb is used six times in the New Testament, exclusively in Luke-Acts and John. In Luke 24:35 and the passages in Acts, it describes the act of narrating or reporting events in detail, often in a formal setting (e.g., reporting to the Jerusalem council in Acts 15:12). Its most theologically significant use is in John 1:18, where it describes Jesus's unique role in revealing and explaining the nature of God the Father. The pattern shows a movement from reporting facts to the ultimate revelation of divine truth.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐξ (ex, meaning 'out of') and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai, meaning 'to lead' or 'to consider'). Literally, it means 'to lead out,' which developed into the figurative sense of 'to draw out a narrative' or 'to explain fully.' The root ἡγέομαι is related to leadership, suggesting that explaining is a form of guiding someone through information.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant, especially in John 1:18, where it captures the concept of Jesus as the ultimate exegete of God. He doesn't merely report facts about the Father; He fully reveals and explains His character and nature. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of this key Christological verse, emphasizing that Jesus's mission was to make the invisible God known in a complete and authoritative way.

In the Greco-Roman world, the term was used for giving a detailed account or narrative, often in a public or official context. When used for divine revelation (as in John), it takes on a meaning akin to an authoritative interpretation or declaration, which would resonate with both Greek literary and Jewish revelatory traditions.

ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō, G518) — focuses more on the act of reporting or announcing a message. διηγέομαι (diēgeomai, G1334) — also means to narrate or describe in detail, but lacks the 'out of' (ἐξ) prefix, making it slightly less intensive. μαρτυρέω (martyreō, G3140) — means to bear witness or testify, often with a legal or confirmatory sense, rather than to explain narratively.

Word Details

Scripture References