εὐνοέω

I have good-will

Definition

The verb εὐνοέω (eunoeō) means to be well-disposed, to have good intentions, or to be favorably inclined toward someone. It conveys the idea of maintaining a peaceful, agreeable attitude, often in contexts of reconciliation or avoiding conflict. In its only New Testament occurrence, Matthew 5:25, it specifically advises being 'agreeable' or 'friendly' with an opponent to avoid legal consequences. This usage emphasizes a proactive stance of goodwill to prevent escalation.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 5:25, within Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. The context is legal dispute, where Jesus instructs his listeners to 'be agreeable with your opponent quickly' while on the way to court. The usage is imperative, urging immediate, practical action to foster reconciliation and avoid a worse outcome from a judge.

Etymology

Derived from the combination of εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good,' and νόος (noos), meaning 'mind,' 'thought,' or 'disposition.' It literally means 'to think well' or 'to be well-minded.' It is related to the noun εὔνοια (eunoia, G2133), which means 'goodwill' or 'favor.'

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word is theologically significant as it encapsulates a proactive ethic of peacemaking central to Jesus' teaching. It moves beyond passive non-aggression to actively cultivating a reconciling disposition, especially toward an adversary. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Matthew 5:25 by highlighting that the command is about one's internal attitude and intent ('be well-minded'), which then drives the external action of seeking settlement.

In the 1st-century Greco-Roman world, legal disputes could lead to debtors' prison, making swift, out-of-court settlements highly pragmatic. The command to 'be agreeable' (εὐνοέω) would be understood as a wise, strategic action to avoid the severe personal and social shame of imprisonment and financial ruin. It reflects a cultural context where maintaining social harmony and personal honor was crucial.

εἰρηνεύω (eirēneuō, G1514) — focuses more on the act of making or keeping peace. φιλέω (phileō, G5368) — emphasizes affectionate love or friendship, whereas εὐνοέω centers on a favorable, reconciling disposition.

Word Details

Scripture References