γελάω

I laugh

Definition

The verb γελάω means 'to laugh' or 'to smile,' expressing audible laughter or a joyful, mirthful reaction. In the New Testament, it is used exclusively by Jesus in Luke's Gospel to describe a future reversal of fortunes. In Luke 6:21, it is part of a blessing: 'Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh,' where laughter symbolizes the eschatological joy and comfort God will provide. Conversely, in Luke 6:25, it appears in a woe: 'Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep,' where present laughter represents a superficial, complacent happiness that will be overturned.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both in Luke 6:21 and Luke 6:25, within Jesus's Sermon on the Plain. Its usage is entirely eschatological and prophetic, contrasting present and future states. It functions not merely to describe a physical action but to make a profound spiritual point about the ultimate reversal of human circumstances in God's kingdom.

Etymology

Derived from the ancient Greek verb γελάω (geláō), meaning 'to laugh,' 'to smile,' or 'to jest.' It is a primary verb with cognates in other Indo-European languages. Its meaning remained consistent in Greek literature, denoting the physical act of laughter, which in the biblical context is imbued with theological significance regarding joy and judgment.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it is used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God and divine justice. It highlights the biblical theme of reversal, where God ultimately comforts the afflicted and brings down the proud. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by showing that the 'laughter' is not trivial but a marker of one's spiritual state and future destiny, contrasting worldly satisfaction with godly hope.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, laughter could be associated with mockery, joy, or frivolity. Jesus's usage subverts simple cultural understanding by linking laughter to ultimate divine judgment and blessing. The contrast he draws would resonate in a culture familiar with themes of fate and reversal, but he anchors it specifically in the coming of God's kingdom.

χαίρω (chairō, G5463) — a broader term for rejoicing or being glad, often denoting inner joy rather than audible laughter. εὐφραίνω (euphrainō, G2165) — to make glad or celebrate, frequently used in contexts of festivity and merrymaking.

Word Details

Scripture References