ἰσχύω

I am strong, able

Definition

The verb ἰσχύω fundamentally means 'to have strength' or 'to be able.' It can describe physical strength, as when the demon-possessed man in the tombs could not be bound because he was 'strong' (Mark 5:4). It also denotes having the power or capacity to do something, such as the sick needing a physician (Matthew 9:12). In a more abstract sense, it can mean to prevail or be valid, as in salt that has 'lost its strength' (Luke 14:34). The word encompasses both inherent ability and effective power in action.

Biblical Usage

ἰσχύω appears 29 times in the New Testament, used across Gospels, Acts, and Epistles. It often appears in narratives describing human inability versus divine ability, such as the disciples who 'could not' stay awake (Matthew 26:40). It is used in questions of capability ('Are you able?') and statements of what is possible or impossible for humans (e.g., Matthew 19:26, Acts 19:16). The word highlights contrasts between human weakness and God's strength.

Etymology

Derived from the noun ἰσχύς (ischys, G2479), meaning 'strength' or 'might.' The root conveys the idea of inherent force or capability. Cognates include the adjective ἰσχυρός (ischyros, G2478), meaning 'strong' or 'mighty.' The verb form focuses on the exercise or possession of that strength.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it frequently contrasts human limitation with divine sufficiency. A key theme is that what is impossible for humans is possible for God (Matthew 19:26). It underscores human weakness, especially in spiritual matters like prayer (Mark 14:37), pointing to the need for reliance on God's strength. Understanding ἰσχύο enriches passages about grace, as God's power is made perfect in human weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9).

In the Greco-Roman world, strength (ἰσχύς) was a highly valued virtue, associated with physical power, health, and moral fortitude. The New Testament often subverts this cultural ideal by highlighting strength in weakness through dependence on Christ. The term's use for something being 'valid' or 'in force' (like a covenant) also reflects a legal or logical understanding of power.

δύναμαι (dynamai, G1410) — focuses more on inherent ability or potential. κρατέω (krateō, G2902) — emphasizes seizing, holding, or mastering. ἐνισχύω (enischyō, G1743) — means to strengthen or make strong, often with an empowering sense.

Word Details

Scripture References