κατακλάω

I break in pieces

Definition

The verb κατακλάω means to break something into pieces, specifically by breaking it down or apart. In its two New Testament occurrences, it describes the action of Jesus breaking loaves of bread before distributing them to the crowd. The prefix κατά intensifies the action, suggesting a thorough breaking or dividing. The term is used exclusively in the context of the miraculous feedings, where the breaking is a preparatory act for distribution and consumption.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both in parallel accounts of Jesus miraculously feeding large crowds. In Mark 6:41 and Luke 9:16, it describes Jesus taking the loaves, blessing them, and then breaking them into pieces to give to the disciples for distribution. The usage is identical in both gospels, forming a specific narrative action within the miracle stories.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition κατά, meaning 'down' or 'against,' combined with the verb κλάω (klaō, G2806), which means 'to break.' The compound verb thus means 'to break down' or 'to break in pieces.' It intensifies the simple action of breaking, emphasizing the result of fragmentation.

Semantic Range

While the act of breaking bread is mundane, in the context of the feeding miracles, it takes on theological significance. It is the preparatory act performed by Jesus that precedes the miraculous multiplication, highlighting his role as provider and sustainer. The breaking and distributing prefigure later Eucharistic language (e.g., 'He broke it' in Luke 22:19) and symbolize Jesus giving of himself for the nourishment of many.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, bread was a staple food, and a large, flat loaf was typically broken by hand at a meal rather than sliced. The act of a host breaking and distributing bread was a sign of provision, hospitality, and sharing. In the feeding miracles, Jesus assumes this host role on a grand, miraculous scale, which would have been a powerful cultural signal of his authority and care.

κλάω (klaō, G2806) — The simpler root verb meaning 'to break,' used more broadly (e.g., breaking bread in Acts 2:46). κατακλάω adds the intensive prefix. συντρίβω (syntribō, G4937) — Means to crush, shatter, or break violently, often used metaphorically (e.g., 'a bruised reed' in Matthew 12:20).

Word Details

Scripture References