καθαιρέω

I take down, depose, destroy

Definition

The verb καθαιρέω (kathaireō) primarily means 'to take down' or 'to pull down' from a higher position. In a literal, physical sense, it describes the act of taking down a body from a cross (Mark 15:36, 46; Luke 23:53; Acts 13:29). In a figurative and more forceful sense, it means 'to overthrow,' 'to destroy,' or 'to depose,' as seen when God brings down the mighty from their thrones (Luke 1:52) or when Israel destroys Gentile kingdoms (Acts 13:19). It can also refer to the demolition of a building, as in the parable of the rich fool who plans to tear down his barns (Luke 12:18).

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, καθαιρέω is used in both literal and figurative contexts. The literal usage is concentrated in the Passion narratives, describing the removal of Jesus' body from the cross (Mark 15:36, 46; Luke 23:53; Acts 13:29). The figurative usage appears in Luke and Acts, describing the overthrow of political powers (Luke 1:52; Acts 13:19) and, in a negative context, the potential collapse of a religious economic system (Acts 19:27, regarding the temple of Artemis).

Etymology

Derived from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, seize'). The compound literally means 'to take down.' It is related to other 'kata-' compounds that imply a downward motion or reversal.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights God's sovereign power to reverse human fortunes and structures. In Luke 1:52, it is central to the Magnificat's theme of divine justice, where God actively deposes the powerful and exalts the lowly. In Acts, it describes God's historical action in giving Israel the land by overthrowing nations (Acts 13:19). Understanding this word enriches reading by clarifying that God's work often involves the dismantling of human systems of power, pride, and false security, whether political, economic, or religious.

In the Greco-Roman world, the act of 'taking down' a crucified body was a significant, state-controlled procedure. Permission was often required, and leaving a body on display was a form of added humiliation and warning. The word's use for demolishing buildings (Luke 12:18) and temples (Acts 19:27) reflects the tangible, permanent nature of destruction in an ancient context, where such acts had profound economic and religious implications.

καταλύω (katalyō, G2647) — to destroy or dissolve, often with a focus on completely dismantling or abolishing something, like the Law (Matthew 5:17). καταστρέφω (katastrephō, G2690) — to overthrow or overturn, often used for the subversion of cities or people (Matthew 21:12; Acts 15:16).

Word Details

Scripture References