κιθαρίζω

I play on the harp

Definition

The verb κιθαρίζω means to play a stringed instrument, specifically the harp or lyre. In the New Testament, it is used both intransitively, meaning simply 'to play the harp' (1 Corinthians 14:7), and transitively, meaning 'to play a specific tune' on the harp. Its two occurrences highlight the act of producing distinct, intelligible musical notes, which serves as an analogy for clear communication in 1 Corinthians 14:7 and contributes to a heavenly soundscape in Revelation 14:2.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in two distinct contexts. In 1 Corinthians 14:7, Paul uses it as an analogy, arguing that musical instruments like the harp must produce distinct notes to be useful, paralleling the need for intelligible speech in spiritual gifts. In Revelation 14:2, it describes the heavenly music heard from the throne, part of the voice 'like the sound of harpists playing on their harps.'

Etymology

Derived from the noun κιθάρα (kithara, G2788), meaning 'harp' or 'lyre.' The verb form κιθαρίζω literally means 'to harp' or 'to play the kithara.' The kithara was a specific type of lyre used in ancient Greece, often associated with formal music and worship.

Semantic Range

While primarily describing a musical action, κιθαρίζω carries theological weight in its contexts. In 1 Corinthians 14:7, it underpins Paul's theology of edifying communication within the church, where spiritual gifts must be as clear and purposeful as distinct musical notes. In Revelation 14:2, it is part of the worship soundscape of heaven, associated with the redeemed and the presence of God, connecting music to divine revelation and ultimate victory.

In the Greco-Roman world, the harp (κιθάρα) was a central instrument in both secular entertainment and religious ceremonies. It was not a background instrument but one used for skilled, melodic performance. When Paul references it in 1 Corinthians, he assumes his audience understands it as an instrument capable of producing clear, ordered sequences of notes, making it an effective metaphor for intelligible speech.

ψάλλω (psallō, G5567) — a broader term for playing a stringed instrument, often used for singing praises to musical accompaniment; ἀδω (adō, G103) — means specifically 'to sing,' often combined with instrumental music.

Word Details

Scripture References