κυλίω

I roll

Definition

The verb κυλίω means 'to roll' or 'to cause to roll.' In its basic physical sense, it describes the action of rolling an object, such as a stone. This is seen in the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) in passages like Joshua 10:18, where large stones are rolled onto the mouth of a cave. In the New Testament, its only occurrence is in Mark 9:20, where it describes a boy 'wallowing' or rolling on the ground during a demonic seizure, extending the meaning to a convulsive, uncontrolled motion.

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, κυλίω is used only once, in Mark 9:20, within the narrative of Jesus healing a boy with an unclean spirit. The word vividly depicts the violent physical contortions of the afflicted child: 'And they brought him to Him. And when the spirit saw Him, immediately it convulsed the boy, and he fell on the ground and rolled about (ἐκυλίετο), foaming at the mouth.' This usage highlights the severity of the demonic oppression before Jesus's intervention.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek root κυλ-, related to concepts of circular motion or rolling. It is a primary verb, with cognates like κυλισμός (a rolling) and ἀποκυλίω (to roll away, as in Mark 16:3-4). The core meaning of causing something to rotate or move by turning over is consistent in its usage.

Semantic Range

While κυλίω itself is a descriptive verb, its sole New Testament use in Mark 9:20 is theologically significant. It graphically illustrates the destructive, chaotic power of demonic forces over human beings, providing a stark contrast to the authoritative, restoring power of Jesus Christ. Understanding this vivid physical description deepens the reader's appreciation for the completeness of Christ's victory over spiritual oppression in this healing narrative.

In the ancient world, conditions like epilepsy were often attributed to spiritual forces. The description of 'rolling' or 'wallowing' in the dust (Mark 9:20) would have been recognized as a sign of severe affliction and ritual uncleanness, amplifying the dramatic nature of the healing. The act of rolling a stone (as in the Septuagint) was a common practical action for sealing or securing a place.

ἀποκυλίω (apokyliō, G617) — to roll something away from something else, as in rolling away a stone from a tomb entrance (Mark 16:3-4). τρέπω (trepō, G4762) — to turn or change direction, but not necessarily with a rolling motion.

Word Details

Scripture References