λίψ

the south-west wind

Definition

λίψ (lips) is a Greek noun that specifically refers to the south-west wind. In its primary and only biblical usage, it denotes a wind direction, and by extension, the geographical quarter from which that wind originates. The term is used in a nautical context in Acts 27:12 to describe the harbor of Phoenix as facing both the south-west wind (λίψ) and the north-west wind (χῶρος). This indicates a harbor offering shelter from two major wind directions. There are no other distinct meanings or senses of this word in the New Testament.

Biblical Usage

λίψ is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 27:12. It appears in the narrative of Paul's perilous sea voyage to Rome, where the sailors are discussing the suitability of a harbor for wintering. The usage is purely descriptive of a natural phenomenon (wind direction) within a historical and geographical account. There are no patterns of usage across different books or contexts.

Etymology

The word λίψ is a native Greek term for the south-west wind. It is not derived from a more primitive root within Greek. The name for this wind was personified in Greek mythology as Lips, one of the Anemoi (wind gods). Its meaning remained stable as a technical term for a specific wind direction.

Semantic Range

In the ancient Mediterranean world, understanding wind directions was crucial for navigation and agriculture. Winds were often personified and had established names. The south-west wind (λίψ) was known to sailors and could be associated with certain weather patterns. In Acts 27, the mention of this wind is a precise geographical detail that adds historical authenticity to Luke's account of the voyage, reflecting the practical knowledge required for sailing in that era.

ἄνεμος (anemos, G417) — The general Greek word for 'wind', of which λίψ is a specific type. χῶρος (chōros, G5566) — The north-west wind, mentioned alongside λίψ in Acts 27:12 as the other wind direction the harbor faced.

Word Details

Scripture References