מַכְמָר

a (hunter's) net (as dark from concealment)

Definition

מַכְמָר refers specifically to a hunter's net or snare, designed to trap animals or birds. The word conveys the idea of a concealed or camouflaged trap, often associated with darkness or hiddenness, as implied by its etymological connection to blackening. In its two biblical occurrences, it is used metaphorically to describe the schemes of the wicked (Psalm 141:10) and the overwhelming calamity of divine judgment (Isaiah 51:20). Both contexts emphasize the inescapable and entrapping nature of the situation.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the Old Testament, both in poetic books. In Psalm 141:10, David prays that the wicked will fall into their own 'makmar'—their own hidden traps—highlighting poetic justice. In Isaiah 51:20, the prophet describes Jerusalem's inhabitants as helpless, 'like a wild antelope caught in a net (makmar),' symbolizing their capture and despair under God's judgment. The usage consistently portrays a sudden, inescapable entrapment.

Etymology

Derived from the root כָּמַר (kamar, H3648), which means 'to be hot' or 'to ferment,' and by extension 'to blacken' or 'to be dusky.' This suggests the net was perhaps darkened or concealed, making it difficult for prey to see. The noun form מַכְמָר or מִכְמֹר thus denotes a net as something that ensnares through hiddenness or darkness.

Semantic Range

Theologically, מַכְמָר enriches the biblical theme of divine justice and human vulnerability. In Psalm 141:10, it illustrates the principle that the wicked are often caught by their own schemes, affirming God's retributive justice. In Isaiah 51:20, it depicts the severity of God's judgment upon His people, yet within a context of promised future comfort (Isaiah 51:17-23). Understanding this Hebrew term deepens appreciation for the imagery of inescapable consequences, whether from sin or divine discipline.

In ancient Israel, hunting nets like the מַכְמָר were common tools for capturing game, often made from ropes or cords and camouflaged to blend with the environment. This practical understanding made the metaphor powerfully relatable: just as an animal is suddenly and helplessly trapped, so too can people be ensnared by sin, enemies, or judgment. The imagery assumes an agrarian and hunting society familiar with such devices.

רֶשֶׁת (resheth, H7568) — a more general term for any net, used for hunting, fishing, or metaphorically for traps. חֵרֶם (cherem, H2764) — often a net for catching birds, also used for things devoted to destruction. פַּח (pach, H6341) — a snare or trap, typically a metal device, emphasizing sudden capture.

Word Details

Scripture References