מֵרַע
used as (abstract) noun, wickedness
Definition
The noun מֵרַע (mêraʻ) refers to wickedness or mischief, specifically denoting an act or quality of evil. It is used as an abstract noun to describe the concept of doing harm or engaging in malicious intent. In its sole biblical occurrence in Daniel 11:27, it describes the 'mischief' or 'wicked scheme' devised by two kings whose hearts are set on evil. The term encapsulates not just a state of being wicked, but the active plotting and execution of harmful plans against others.
Biblical Usage
This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Daniel 11:27, within a prophetic context describing political intrigue and deception. It is used to characterize the malicious intentions of two kings who, while sitting at the same table, are plotting mischief against each other. The usage highlights a context of calculated, treacherous action in a royal, adversarial setting, emphasizing the active and conspiratorial nature of their wickedness.
Etymology
מֵרַע is derived from the root רָעַע (rāʿaʿ, H7489), which means 'to be bad,' 'to break,' or 'to do evil.' This root is common in biblical Hebrew, giving rise to various words related to evil, calamity, and wickedness (such as רַע, raʿ, H7451). As a noun form, מֵרַע specifically conveys the abstract notion or product of that evil action—the mischief or wicked deed itself.
Semantic Range
Though used only once, this word contributes to the biblical theme of human treachery and the corruption of power, particularly in prophetic literature. It underscores that wickedness is not merely a passive state but often involves active, deliberate scheming, as seen in the political machinations of Daniel 11. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by highlighting the intentional and destructive nature of evil plans, which stand in contrast to God's purposes of truth and justice.
In its ancient Near Eastern context, the word would have been understood in settings of political alliance and betrayal among rulers, a common theme in royal annals and prophetic judgments. The 'mischief' in Daniel 11:27 reflects the realpolitik of the time, where treaties were often broken through deceit. This cultural backdrop emphasizes that such wickedness was a recognized, though condemned, aspect of international relations.
רַע (raʿ, H7451) — a more general term for evil, adversity, or distress, often broader in scope. רָעָה (rāʿâ, H7451b) — calamity or misfortune, frequently as a consequence of evil. עַוְלָה (ʿawlâ, H5766) — injustice or iniquity, emphasizing moral wrong and perversion.
Word Details
How this works
Hebrew definitions are from Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906) and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (1890), both public domain. BDB was groundbreaking for its era but reflects 19th-century assumptions about Semitic etymology. Modern scholarship (HALOT, DCH) has revised many entries. Use these definitions as a starting point for exploration, not as the final word on a term's meaning in context.
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