μεταλαμβάνω

I share in, partake of

Definition

The verb μεταλαμβάνω means to take a share of something, often with the sense of participation or reception. In its most common usage with the genitive case, it signifies partaking in or sharing something, such as food (Acts 2:46) or a benefit. When used with the accusative case, it can mean to take something afterward or instead, as seen in Hebrews 12:10 where God disciplines us for our benefit, so that we may share in His holiness. The word encompasses both the act of receiving a portion and the resulting state of participation.

Biblical Usage

This verb appears six times in the New Testament, primarily in Acts and the Epistles. It is used in practical contexts like sharing meals (Acts 2:46, Acts 27:33) and in more abstract, spiritual contexts like partaking in God's discipline or holiness (Hebrews 12:10). In Acts 24:25, it describes Felix becoming 'alarmed' upon receiving (μεταλαμβάνω) the message about righteousness, showing a receptive, internalized taking-in. The agricultural metaphor in 2 Timothy 2:6 uses it for the hardworking farmer who should be the first to receive a share of the crops.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after,' and the common verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, G2983), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive.' The compound thus literally means 'to take with/after.' This combination emphasizes the ideas of participation, succession, or exchange inherent in the act of taking.

Semantic Range

Μεταλαμβάνω is theologically significant as it describes the believer's participation in divine realities. It moves beyond mere possession to active sharing and partaking, central to concepts like communion (κοινωνία, G2842) and inheritance. In Hebrews 12:10, it underscores that God's discipline is purposeful, aiming for us to 'share in' His holy character—a transformative participation in the divine nature. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the active, relational aspect of receiving God's gifts and purposes.

In the Greco-Roman world, sharing a meal (as in Acts 2:46) was a profound social and religious act that created bonds of community and fellowship (κοινωνία). To 'partake' of food together signified unity and mutual commitment. This cultural backdrop deepens our understanding of the early church's practice and the word's use in spiritual metaphors about sharing in Christ's benefits.

κοινωνέω (koinōneō, G2841) — emphasizes fellowship and partnership in a shared endeavor. μετέχω (metechō, G3348) — a very close synonym for partaking or sharing, often used interchangeably. λαμβάνω (lambanō, G2983) — the root verb, meaning simply to take or receive, without the compounded sense of participation.

Word Details

Scripture References