μέθυσος

a drunkard

Definition

The Greek word μέθυσος specifically denotes a person who is habitually drunk, a drunkard. It describes someone characterized by excessive drinking, not merely someone who has had too much wine on a single occasion. In the New Testament, it is used in ethical lists to identify behavior that is incompatible with the kingdom of God (1 Corinthians 6:10) and the fellowship of the church (1 Corinthians 5:11). The term carries a strong moral and social condemnation, marking the drunkard as one who lives under the control of wine.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the New Testament, both in Paul's first letter to the Corinthians. In both instances, μέθυσος is listed among other serious vices. In 1 Corinthians 5:11, Paul instructs the church not to associate with anyone who bears the name of brother if he is a drunkard. In 1 Corinthians 6:10, he states that drunkards will not inherit the kingdom of God. Its usage is exclusively in paraenetic (ethical exhortation) contexts, grouping it with sins like greed, slander, and idolatry.

Etymology

Derived from the noun μέθη (methē, G3178), meaning 'drunkenness' or 'strong drink.' The suffix -σος typically forms an agent noun, indicating a person characterized by the root quality. Thus, μέθυσος literally means 'one characterized by drunkenness.' It is related to the verb μεθύσκω (methyskō, G3182), 'to get drunk.'

Semantic Range

The term is theologically significant as it highlights the New Testament's consistent warning against the sin of drunkenness, which is portrayed as a form of slavery and a work of the flesh (Galatians 5:21). Its placement in vice lists alongside idolaters and revilers shows it is considered a serious breach of covenant life that excludes one from God's kingdom. Understanding this Greek term reinforces the biblical call to self-control and sobriety as marks of the Spirit's work, contrasting the drunkard's state with being 'filled with the Spirit' (Ephesians 5:18).

In the Greco-Roman world, drunkenness was a common feature of certain social and religious festivals. However, both Jewish and emerging Christian ethics stood in stark contrast to this cultural norm. For Jews, drunkenness was associated with pagan revelry and a loss of rational control, which was dishonorable. Paul's condemnation reflects this Jewish ethical stance and positions the Christian community as distinct, called to sober-mindedness and holiness in a culture where excessive drinking was often socially acceptable.

οἰνοπότης (oinopotēs, G3630) — a 'wine-bibber' or heavy drinker; similar in meaning but perhaps with a slightly more habitual connotation. μέθη (methē, G3178) — the state of 'drunkenness' itself, not the person.

Word Details

Scripture References